Unit35 描述性形容词

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:描述性形容词——写形(对称/扭曲)、写密(密集/稀疏)、写光(明/暗/透)、写面(光滑/粗糙)、写量(庞大/细微)的感官描写词。科技与社科说明文靠它们把抽象数据变成可感画面,阅读定位与写作细节描写都靠它们。评价判断类形容词见 Unit34-评价性形容词,自然地貌与天气词见 Unit19-自然与地理,变化幅度词见 Unit20-时间与变化
  • 学法:按"光影 / 疏密 / 分布 / 形状 / 质地 / 尺寸 / 色泽 / 空间"八个语义簇成串记;多数词走"物理义 → 引申义"双线(hollow 空心的→空洞的,porous 多孔的→漏洞百出的);学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
luminous/ˈluːmɪnəs/adj. 发光的;夜光的;明亮的a luminous display 发光的显示屏;luminous paint 夜光漆;例句:The watch has luminous hands for night reading. 这块表的夜光指针便于夜间读时。lumin(光,同 illuminate 照亮)+ -ous;名词 luminosity 亮度
radiant/ˈreɪdiənt/adj. 容光焕发的;光芒四射的;辐射的a radiant smile 灿烂的笑容;radiant energy 辐射能;例句:The bride looked radiant. 新娘看起来光彩照人。radi(光线,同 radiate 辐射、radio 无线电);a radiant morning 阳光明媚的早晨
dazzling/ˈdæzlɪŋ/adj. 耀眼的;令人惊叹的dazzling lights 耀眼的灯光;a dazzling display of skill 令人眼花缭乱的技艺;例句:The street offers a dazzling array of snacks. 这条街的小吃琳琅满目。dazzle(使目眩)的 -ing 形容词;a dazzling array of... 高频搭配
dim/dɪm/adj. 昏暗的;模糊的;(前景)黯淡的 v. 变暗;减弱a dim corridor 昏暗的走廊;a dim memory 模糊的记忆;例句:Prospects for a deal grew dimmer. 达成协议的前景愈发黯淡。反义 bright;take a dim view of...(对……不以为然)是高频僻义
faint/feɪnt/adj. 微弱的;模糊的;晕眩的 v. 昏倒a faint sound 微弱的声响;a faint hope 一线希望;例句:There was a faint smell of gas. 有一丝淡淡的煤气味。一词多义全收:声音弱、气味淡、希望渺、人发晕
opaque/oʊˈpeɪk/adj. 不透明的;难懂的opaque glass 毛玻璃;an opaque writing style 晦涩的文风;例句:The rules are deliberately opaque. 这些规则被故意写得晦涩难懂。opac(暗);反义 transparent;"难懂、不透明"引申义阅读常考
transparent/trænsˈpærənt/adj. 透明的;公开透明的transparent glass 透明玻璃;a transparent process 公开透明的流程;例句:The agency promised transparent accounting. 该机构承诺财务公开透明。trans-(穿过)+ par(显现,同 apparent):一眼看穿;名词 transparency 透明度
translucent/trænsˈluːsnt/adj. 半透明的translucent panels 半透明面板;translucent skin 半透明的皮肤;例句:The architect chose translucent panels to diffuse daylight. 建筑师选用半透明板来漫射日光。trans(穿过)+ luc(光,同 lucid 清澈的):光能过、影像犹遮;介于 transparent 与 opaque 之间
dense/dens/adj. 密集的;浓密的;密度大的dense population 人口稠密;dense fog 浓雾;例句:The city runs the densest bus network in the country. 该市运营着全国最密集的公交网络。名词 density 密度;人口、交通、植被语境高频;反义 sparse
sparse/spɑːrs/adj. 稀疏的;稀少的sparse vegetation 植被稀少;a sparse crowd 稀稀拉拉的人群;例句:Data is sparse in rural regions. 农村地区数据稀少。反义 dense;名词 sparsity 稀疏性(机器学习术语)
compact/kəmˈpækt/adj. 紧凑的;小巧的 n. 协议a compact car 小型车;a compact summary 简明扼要的总结;例句:The toolkit folds into a compact case. 工具包可折叠收纳进紧凑的箱体。com-(共同)+ pact(压紧,同 impact 撞击);compact disc(CD)即"压得紧的盘"
porous/ˈpɔːrəs/adj. 多孔的;可渗透的porous rock 多孔岩石;a porous border 形同虚设的边境;例句:The border is porous to smugglers. 走私者轻易穿越这道边境。pore(毛孔;气孔)+ -ous;引申"漏洞百出的"(a porous argument)
hollow/ˈhɑːloʊ/adj. 空心的;空洞的 n. 洞;洼地a hollow promise 空头承诺;a hollow tree 树洞;例句:The slogan sounded hollow to voters. 在选民听来这句口号空洞无物。物理义"空心的"→ 引申义"空洞无物的";由"空腹"联想"空话"
meager/ˈmiːɡər/adj. 微薄的;贫乏的a meager income 微薄收入;a meager harvest 歉收;例句:The family lived on a meager pension. 这家人靠微薄的养老金度日。英式拼法 meagre;常与 income / salary / rations 连用
scattered/ˈskætərd/adj. 分散的;散乱的scattered showers 零星阵雨;scattered villages 散布的村庄;例句:Reports came in from scattered locations. 报告来自四面八方。scatter(散开)的过去分词作形容词;气象播报 scattered showers 必备
ubiquitous/juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/adj. 无处不在的the ubiquitous smartphone 人手一部的智能手机;例句:Cameras are now ubiquitous in public spaces. 公共场所如今监控无处不在。拉丁 ubique(处处);科技评论标配词;名词 ubiquity
pervasive/pərˈveɪsɪv/adj. 弥漫的;遍布的pervasive corruption 无处不在的腐败;例句:The smell of disinfectant was pervasive. 消毒水的气味弥漫各处。per-(贯穿)+ vas(走):走遍每个角落;比 ubiquitous 更强调"渗入"
haphazard/ˌhæpˈhæzərd/adj. 杂乱无章的;随意的haphazard growth 无序扩张;a haphazard approach 东一榔头西一棒子的做法;例句:Files were stored in haphazard order. 文件存放杂乱无章。hap(运气)+ hazard(冒险):全凭运气乱来;副词 haphazardly
distorted/dɪˈstɔːrtɪd/adj. 扭曲的;失真的a distorted image 失真的图像;a distorted view 扭曲的看法;例句:Fears of crime are often distorted by media coverage. 对犯罪的恐惧常被媒体报道放大失真。distort(扭曲)的过去分词作形容词;dis-(离)+ tort(扭)
skewed/skjuːd/adj. 偏斜的;有偏差的a skewed distribution 偏态分布;skewed results 有偏差的结果;例句:The sample was heavily skewed toward young users. 样本严重偏向年轻用户。skew(歪斜)的过去分词;统计学高频;be skewed toward... 偏向……
symmetrical/sɪˈmetrɪkl/adj. 对称的a symmetrical layout 对称布局;symmetrical patterns 对称图案;例句:The facade is perfectly symmetrical. 建筑立面完全对称。sym-(相同)+ metr(测量):两边量出来一样;名词 symmetry 对称性;反义 asymmetrical
angular/ˈæŋɡjələr/adj. 有棱角的;瘦削的angular features 棱角分明的五官;an angular silhouette 有棱角的剪影;例句:The chair's angular design suits small rooms. 椅子的棱角设计适合小房间。angle(角)+ -ar;形容人脸"瘦削多骨"为引申义
curved/kɜːrvd/adj. 弯曲的;弧形的a curved screen 曲面屏;a curved path 弯曲的小径;例句:The curved wall redirects sound waves. 弧形墙改变了声波方向。curve(曲线);反义 straight(笔直的)
crooked/ˈkrʊkɪd/adj. 歪的;扭曲的;不正直的a crooked tie 歪掉的领带;a crooked cop 贪腐的警察;例句:The picture hung crooked. 画挂歪了。crook(弯钩);"不正直的"由"歪"引申;注意 -ed 读作 /ɪd/ 成音节
twisted/ˈtwɪstɪd/adj. 扭曲的;拧在一起的twisted metal 扭曲的金属;a twisted sense of humor 扭曲的幽默感;例句:The crash left a trail of twisted metal. 车祸留下一路扭曲的金属残骸。twist(拧;缠绕);"twisted mind 心理扭曲"为心理语境引申
jagged/ˈdʒæɡɪd/adj. 锯齿状的;参差不齐的jagged rocks 犬牙交错的岩石;a jagged edge 锯齿状边缘;例句:The shell broke into jagged pieces. 贝壳碎成参差的碎片。jag(豁口)+ -ed;形容边缘、碎片"犬牙交错"
vertical/ˈvɜːrtɪkl/adj. 垂直的;纵向的vertical integration 垂直整合;vertical farming 垂直农业;例句:Vertical farming stacks crops in city towers. 垂直农业把作物层层种进城市高楼。vert(转,同 convert):转到正上方;反义 horizontal;缩写 AI 领域常作 "vertical 行业赛道"
horizontal/ˌhɔːrɪˈzɑːntl/adj. 水平的;横向的horizontal expansion 横向扩张;a horizontal merger 横向并购;例句:The firm prefers horizontal growth to takeovers. 相比收购,公司更偏好横向扩张。horizon(地平线)+ -al;horizontal merger(同业并购)为商业术语
protruding/proʊˈtruːdɪŋ/adj. 凸出的;外伸的protruding teeth 龅牙;a protruding edge 凸出的边缘;例句:Pack protruding parts separately. 凸出的部件单独包装。pro-(向前)+ trud(推):向外推出;动词 protrude
glossy/ˈɡlɑːsi/adj. 有光泽的;浮华的glossy paper 铜版纸;a glossy magazine 用铜版纸印的时尚杂志;例句:The ad's glossy surface hides a mediocre product. 广告光鲜的外表下是平庸的产品。gloss(光泽;注解)+ -y;"表面光鲜"引申义常见于批判语境
sleek/sliːk/adj. 流线光滑的;时髦的a sleek design 流线型设计;a sleek sedan 时髦的轿车;例句:The laptop's sleek shell hides serious computing power. 笔记本光洁的外壳下藏着强劲算力。与 slick(圆滑的;灵巧的)拼写区分:sleek 形容物,slick 常形容手法
coarse/kɔːrs/adj. 粗糙的;粗鲁的coarse fabric 粗布;coarse language 粗话;例句:Sift the flour to remove coarse grains. 过筛面粉除去粗粒。反义 fine(精细的;礼貌的);物理"粗"与言行"粗"双线
slippery/ˈslɪpəri/adj. 滑的;油滑的a slippery road 湿滑路面;a slippery salesman 油嘴滑舌的推销员;例句:The narrow path is slippery after rain. 雨后这条窄路很滑。slip(滑倒);a slippery slope(滑坡效应)为高频比喻,见自测
gritty/ˈɡrɪti/adj. 有砂砾的;粗粝写实的;顽强的gritty realism 粗粝的写实风格;gritty determination 顽强的决心;例句:The film captures the gritty reality of night shifts. 影片刻画了夜班工作的粗粝现实。grit(砂砾;毅力)+ -ty;影评高频词
sheer/ʃɪr/adj. 纯粹的;完全的;陡峭的;极薄的sheer luck 纯属运气;a sheer cliff 陡崖;sheer stockings 薄丝袜;例句:The sheer volume of data overwhelmed the servers. 数据量之大压垮了服务器。一词三义:纯粹(程度)/陡峭(地貌)/极薄(织物);只作定语,无比较级
colossal/kəˈlɑːsl/adj. 巨大的a colossal failure 惨败;a colossal statue 巨像;例句:The dam is a colossal engineering feat. 大坝是一项巨大的工程壮举。源自 Colossus(罗德岛巨像);colossal squid 大王乌贼
gigantic/dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/adj. 巨大的a gigantic leap 一次巨大飞跃;gigantic waves 巨浪;例句:Retraining the workforce is a gigantic task. 对劳动力进行再培训是项浩大工程。giant(巨人)+ -ic;语气强于 enormous
bulky/ˈbʌlki/adj. 庞大的;笨重的bulky equipment 笨重设备;a bulky parcel 大件包裹;例句:Bulky items ship by freight, not by air. 大件走货运不走空运。bulk(大块;散装)+ -y;in bulk(整批)为副词短语
slender/ˈslendər/adj. 苗条的;细长的;微小的a slender figure 纤细身材;a slender chance 渺茫的机会;例句:Slender evidence supports the claim. 支持该主张的证据寥寥。核心是"细":身形细、证据细、希望细;slender means 微薄的财力
minute/maɪˈnuːt/adj. 极小的;细微的minute differences 细微差别;minute particles 微粒;例句:The coating is minute—far thinner than a hair. 该涂层极薄——远细于一根头发。形容词读 /maɪˈnuːt/,与名词 minute(分钟)读音不同,重音在第二音节
teeming/ˈtiːmɪŋ/adj. 挤满的;(雨)倾盆的teeming streets 摩肩接踵的街道;例句:The market was teeming with shoppers. 市场里购物者熙熙攘攘。teem(充满;下大雨):teem with... 挤满……
evocative/ɪˈvɑːkətɪv/adj. 唤起情感的;引人遐想的an evocative description 引人遐想的描写;evocative of childhood 唤起童年回忆的;例句:The old photos are deeply evocative of the 1960s. 这些老照片深深唤起人们对六十年代的回忆。e-(向外)+ voc(唤,同 vocal):把情感唤出来;与 vivid(生动,Unit28)近义
dull/dʌl/adj. 暗淡的;沉闷的;钝的 v. 减弱a dull color 暗淡的颜色;a dull lecture 枯燥的讲座;a dull blade 钝刀;例句:The drug dulls pain without curing it. 该药只镇痛不治病。反义 bright / sharp / vivid 三连记;动词"使迟钝、削弱"义常考
drab/dræb/adj. 单调乏味的;土褐色的a drab office 沉闷的办公室;drab clothes 灰扑扑的衣服;例句:Concrete facades make streets drab. 混凝土立面让街道显得单调。本义"土褐色",引申一切乏味灰暗之物
muted/ˈmjuːtɪd/adj. 柔和的;趋缓的;含蓄的muted colors 素雅的颜色;a muted response 反应平平;例句:The new policy met a muted response. 新政策反响平平。mute(消音的;哑的)+ -d;"反应冷淡/增长放缓"义在财经文章高频
cramped/kræmpt/adj. 狭窄拥挤的a cramped apartment 狭小的公寓;cramped seats 拥挤的座位;例句:Cramped housing harms family wellbeing. 居住拥挤损害家庭幸福。cramp(抽筋;束缚):挤得动弹不得
cluttered/ˈklʌtərd/adj. 塞满的;杂乱的a cluttered desk 堆满杂物的桌子;a cluttered interface 拥挤的界面;例句:The cluttered layout confuses first-time users. 杂乱的布局让新用户犯晕。clutter(杂物;堆满);反义动词 declutter(断舍离)
desolate/ˈdesələt/adj. 荒凉的;孤寂的a desolate landscape 荒凉的景象;feel desolate 感到凄凉;例句:The mining town fell desolate after the pit closed. 矿井关闭后,矿区小镇沦为荒凉之地。de + sol(孤,同 solo 独奏):孤绝之地;动词义读 /ˈdesəleɪt/ 使荒芜
sprawling/ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/adj. 蔓延的;杂乱扩张的a sprawling metropolis 无序蔓延的大都市;a sprawling campus 面积辽阔的校园;例句:The city's sprawling suburbs swallowed farmland. 城市蔓延的郊区吞没了农田。sprawl(四肢摊开;(城市)无序扩张);urban sprawl 城市扩张为固定术语
lofty/ˈlɔːfti/adj. 高耸的;(目标)崇高的;高傲的a lofty tower 高塔;lofty ideals 崇高理想;例句:Startups pursue lofty goals on tiny budgets. 初创公司以微薄预算追逐崇高目标。loft(阁楼)+ -y;"口吻高傲的"(a lofty tone)为引申僻义

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. a dazzling array of options
  2. take a dim view of the proposal
  3. a slippery slope to inflation
  4. sparse and scattered villages

第 5-7 题:选词填空(ubiquitous / translucent / skewed / cramped,注意正确形式)

  1. Smartphones have become so ______ that we barely notice them anymore.
  2. The survey sample was heavily ______ toward college graduates.
  3. ______ panels let daylight through without glare.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. The harbor was teeming ______ fishing boats.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 不兑现的承诺只是空头承诺。(hollow)
  2. 公司更偏好垂直整合而非无序扩张。(vertical / sprawling)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 令人眼花缭乱的大量选择。【考点:固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:an array of... 一系列;dazzling 本义"耀眼的",此处"多到晃眼";勿漏译 array 的"一系列"义】
  2. 对该提案不以为然(不看好)。【考点:形容词僻义搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:dim 此处不是"昏暗";take a dim view of sb/sth = 对……持不赞成、不看好的态度】
  3. 通向通胀的滑坡(危险趋势)。【考点:习语;难度:中;错因提醒:a slippery slope (to/toward...) 指一旦开了头就难以刹车的恶化趋势,勿直译"滑的坡"】
  4. 稀稀拉拉、零零散散的村庄。【考点:近义形容词并置;难度:低;错因提醒:sparse 强调"少",scattered 强调"散";两词常并置出现】
  5. ubiquitous。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:so...that 结构;"无处不在"对应 ubiquitous;cramped(拥挤的)语义不合】
  6. skewed。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:be skewed toward...(样本、数据)偏向……;统计学与调查报告高频】
  7. Translucent。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:translucent 半透明(透光而透不过影像),transparent 全透明;let daylight through without glare 提示"漫射采光";句首注意大写】
  8. with。【考点:介词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:teem with... 挤满……;与 be filled / crowded with 同义结构】
  9. A promise that is not kept is a hollow promise.【考点:汉译英+形容词僻义;难度:中;错因提醒:hollow 由"空心的"引申"空洞的、不兑现的";定语从句 that is not kept 修饰 promise】
  10. The company prefers vertical integration to sprawling expansion.【考点:汉译英+术语表达;难度:难;错因提醒:prefer A to B 中 to 为介词,后接名词/动名词;vertical integration(垂直整合)为商业固定术语;sprawling(无序蔓延的)作定语】