英语阶段测·基础强化（二）
- 定位：基础强化期的跨章半套卷第二轮——继续检验词汇（高频核心词 Unit01-40 + 中频词已学单元）、长难句拆解与阅读三板斧在同一张卷子里的协同。与（一）互补：题材全部更换（城市绿地 / 注意力碎片化 / 科学传播），词汇域换簇，考点类型不变
- 结构：完形填空 1 篇（10 题）+ 阅读理解 2 篇（每篇 3 题，共 6 题）+ 长难句翻译 3 句，共 19 题。建议 60 分钟。本卷语言难度对标真题，但篇幅减半
- 要求：全部文章与题目为模拟题（自编，按真题风格命制，非历年真题）。答案与解析在答案页，做完再对；翻译务必先手写再核对
- 考后动作：错题按错因分类（词义 / 搭配 / 句法 / 定位偏差 / 干扰项误选）回写错题本；完形与阅读中不认识的词当场查词汇库并登记
一、完形填空（10 题）
Cities have long treated parks as amenities—pleasant, but dispensable whenever budgets tighten. That assumption is now being 1 revisited. A large body of research suggests that access to green space operates as a public-health intervention: people who live near parks report less stress, better sleep, and lower rates of depression—differences that 2 even after researchers control for income, education, and age.
3 the physical pathways are well documented, the psychological ones are harder to pin down. Two mechanisms dominate most explanations. The first is physical: vegetation cools streets, filters pollutants, and invites walking. The second is psychological: natural settings appear to restore the mental 4 that city life steadily depletes. Neither mechanism demands deliberate effort, which is one reason doctors in some countries now 5 time outdoors alongside conventional treatment.
Turning evidence into policy is harder than it sounds. Green space is not distributed 6: the leafiest districts are usually the richest, so those who would benefit most from parks are least likely to have one. And because urban land is scarce, a park 7 with housing for space: the cost of the homes it displaces is visible immediately, while the health gains are 8, visible only in statistics compiled years later. Skeptics add that correlation does not prove 9: healthy people may simply move to greener neighborhoods. Yet natural experiments, in which parks appear for reasons 10 to residents' health, tend to confirm the causal story. The evidence, in short, is no longer the bottleneck; the will to act on it is.
1. A. narrowly B. seriously C. temporarily D. prematurely
2. A. diminish B. persist C. fluctuate D. dissolve
3. A. While B. Because C. Unless D. Once
4. A. capacity B. stability C. agility D. intensity
5. A. describe B. ascribe C. prescribe D. subscribe
6. A. evenly B. instantly C. blindly D. vaguely
7. A. coincides B. cooperates C. collides D. competes
8. A. immediate B. deferred C. marginal D. universal
9. A. conformity B. coincidence C. causation D. conclusion
10. A. unrelated B. relevant C. proportional D. essential
二、阅读理解（6 题）
Passage 1
Few phrases in the modern workplace are invoked as often as "deep work", and almost never by people who are actually doing any. The complaint that workers cannot concentrate is usually framed as a personal failing, but the framing is wrong. Sustained attention is not a personality trait that some employees happen to lack; it is a resource that the contemporary office is engineered to consume. By some estimates, the average knowledge worker checks a communication channel every six minutes, and each interruption carries a cost that outlasts the interruption itself: studies of task switching find that once attention has been diverted, part of the mind remains attached to the interrupted task, and performance on whatever comes next suffers accordingly. Psychologists describe this as attention residue—unfinished business that keeps occupying the mind after the task itself has ended. It is what makes a fragmented day feel busy and unproductive at the same time.
The economics reinforce the psychology. The tools that consume attention cost the user nothing, because the user is not the customer; the advertiser is. Platforms therefore compete for the minutes between tasks, and the design choices that win—autoplay, infinite scroll, the badge that marks you as instantly reachable—win precisely because they arrive at the moment when resistance is weakest. Asking individuals to hold out against such designs through discipline alone is, in this light, less a solution than a way of blaming the victim.
What helps, researchers of workplace design suggest, is friction: attention protects itself best not through strength of character but through structure. Batching messages at fixed hours, disabling notifications by default, and defending long blocks of calendar time the way meeting rooms are defended—where such measures have been tried, the results are encouraging, and revealing: much of what passes for urgent communication turns out to be neither urgent nor, strictly speaking, communication at all.
11. According to Paragraph 1, each interruption "carries a cost that outlasts the interruption itself" because __.
A. replying to each message takes more time than expected B. part of the mind stays occupied with the interrupted task C. urgent messages pile up while one concentrates on work D. multitasking is a skill that takes years of practice
12. The author attributes the free use of attention-consuming tools to the fact that __.
A. their production costs have fallen sharply in recent years B. regulators prohibit platforms from charging individual users C. users pay with personal data instead of money D. it is advertisers rather than users who pay for them
13. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that __.
A. willpower plays no part in the protection of one's attention B. structural arrangements work more reliably than personal discipline C. meeting rooms should be scheduled as often as possible D. most workplace messages are intentionally made to mislead
Passage 2
Few phrases do more damage to public understanding of science than "studies show". The phrase sounds like a certificate of certainty; what it usually certifies is a single result, often preliminary, sometimes never tested again. When the next study contradicts the first, the public does not blame the tentative nature of the evidence—it blames science itself, concluding that researchers cannot make up their minds. From the outside, that conclusion looks reasonable; it is also a misunderstanding of how knowledge is supposed to accumulate.
The fault lies less with the findings than with the packaging. A careful journal article hedges every claim: it speaks of associations rather than effects, of samples rather than populations, of probabilities rather than promises. By the time such a claim travels through a press release, a headline, and a social feed, the hedges have been stripped away one by one, each step favoring clarity over accuracy. Journalists are not the villains of this story; they work under incentives that punish nuance with silence. But the outcome is a public fed on certainty it was never entitled to.
Scientists occasionally make matters worse. Eager for attention in a crowded marketplace of ideas, a few now take results straight to the public, skipping the slow accumulation of replication that once stood between a discovery and its announcement. The result is a familiar cycle: a striking claim is inflated, amplified, and eventually contradicted, and each reversal leaves the audience more disillusioned than the last.
What is to be done? Some journals pair articles with plain-language summaries that keep the hedges in; some funders require preregistration, so that a study's conclusions cannot drift after its data are seen. These reforms are useful but modest, because the deeper problem is a mismatch of expectations: the public wants settled answers, while science proceeds by revisable guesses. Closing that gap requires not better headlines but a more patient kind of explanation—one that treats uncertainty not as an embarrassment to be hidden, but as the very thing that makes science trustworthy.
14. The author mentions that journalists "work under incentives that punish nuance with silence" primarily to __.
A. call for stricter regulation of science reporting B. show that reporters deliberately distort scientific findings C. argue that journalists are less to blame than the system they work in D. suggest that scientists stop communicating through the press
15. According to Paragraph 2, as a scientific claim travels from journal article to headline, __.
A. its central finding is usually reversed by editors B. its statistical evidence is deliberately falsified C. its authors lose control of the underlying data D. its hedging language is gradually stripped away
16. The author's attitude toward the reforms mentioned in the last paragraph is __.
A. enthusiastic endorsement B. resigned indifference C. qualified approval D. outright skepticism
三、长难句翻译（3 句）
17. Green space is not distributed evenly: the leafiest districts are usually the richest, so those who would benefit most from parks are least likely to have one.
18. Sustained attention is not a personality trait that some employees happen to lack; it is a resource that the contemporary office is engineered to consume.
19. By the time such a claim travels through a press release, a headline, and a social feed, the hedges have been stripped away one by one, each step favoring clarity over accuracy.