| weather | /ˈweðər/ | n. 天气；气象 v. 平安度过 | weather the storm 渡过难关；weather forecasting 气象预报；例句：The airline weathered the crisis and returned to profit. 该航空公司渡过危机后恢复盈利。 | 动词僻义"平安度过（难关）"为熟词僻义高频；under the weather 身体不适 |
| forecaster | /ˈfɔːrkæstər/ | n. 预报员 | weather forecasters 天气预报员；例句：Forecasters expect the heatwave to continue into August. 预报员预计热浪将持续到八月。 | forecast（预测）+ -er（人）；forecast 本词见 Unit15 |
| meteorology | /ˌmiːtiəˈrɑːlədʒi/ | n. 气象学 | a degree in meteorology 气象学学位；例句：Meteorology was transformed by satellite data. 卫星数据改变了气象学。 | 源自希腊语"高空之物"；形容词 meteorological 气象的 |
| meteorologist | /ˌmiːtiəˈrɑːlədʒɪst/ | n. 气象学家 | a TV meteorologist 电视气象主持人；例句：Meteorologists track the storm's path around the clock. 气象学家全天候追踪风暴路径。 | meteorology + -ist（从业者） |
| temperature | /ˈtemprətʃər/ | n. 温度；气温；体温 | a slight rise in temperature 温度略升；take one's temperature 量体温；例句：Global temperatures have risen by over one degree. 全球气温已上升超过一摄氏度。 | temper（调和）衍生：冷热调和的程度 |
| thermometer | /θərˈmɑːmɪtər/ | n. 温度计 | read the thermometer 读温度计；例句：The thermometer outside the cabin read minus twenty. 小屋外的温度计显示零下二十度。 | thermo（热）+ meter（计量器）；thermodynamics 热力学 |
| humidity | /hjuːˈmɪdəti/ | n. 湿度 | high humidity 高湿度；relative humidity 相对湿度；例句：High humidity makes the heat feel worse. 高湿让人感觉更热。 | humid 的名词；humid adj. 潮湿的见 Unit19 |
| precipitation | /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn/ | n. 降水（量） | above-average precipitation 降水量高于常年；例句：The models project more winter precipitation falling as rain. 模型预测更多冬季降水将以雨的形式落下。 | pre-（向前）+ cipit（头朝下落）：从天上掉下的东西；气象报告标准用词 |
| rainfall | /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ | n. 降雨（量） | heavy rainfall 强降雨；annual rainfall 年降雨量；例句：Annual rainfall has declined by a fifth. 年降雨量减少了五分之一。 | rain + fall：落下的雨；同类合成词 snowfall |
| barometer | /bəˈrɑːmɪtər/ | n. 气压计；晴雨表 | a barometer of public opinion 民意的晴雨表；例句：Consumer confidence is a barometer of the economy. 消费者信心是经济的晴雨表。 | baro（压力）+ meter；比喻义"风向标"为阅读高频 |
| overcast | /ˌoʊvərˈkæst/ | adj. 阴天的；阴沉的 | an overcast sky 阴沉的天空；例句：The morning was overcast but dry. 早晨天空阴沉但没有下雨。 | over（覆盖）+ cast（投下）：云层覆盖投下阴影 |
| drizzle | /ˈdrɪzl/ | n. 毛毛雨 v. 下毛毛雨 | a light drizzle 蒙蒙细雨；例句：A cold drizzle fell all afternoon. 寒冷的毛毛雨下了一下午。 | "细雨"程度低于 shower；厨房语境"淋少许（油）" |
| shower | /ˈʃaʊər/ | n. 阵雨；淋浴 v. 阵雨般落下 | scattered showers 零星阵雨；be showered with praise 赞誉如潮；例句：Scattered showers are expected this evening. 预计今晚有零星阵雨。 | 双语境高频：天气"阵雨"／生活"淋浴"；be showered with..."获得大量" |
| downpour | /ˈdaʊnpɔːr/ | n. 倾盆大雨 | be caught in a downpour 遭遇倾盆大雨；例句：A sudden downpour flooded the streets. 一场骤雨淹没了街道。 | down + pour（倾倒）：从天上整桶倒下 |
| thunderstorm | /ˈθʌndərstɔːrm/ | n. 雷暴；雷雨 | a severe thunderstorm 强雷暴；例句：The thunderstorm delayed flights for two hours. 雷暴使航班延误两小时。 | thunder（雷）+ storm；常伴 lightning（闪电） |
| thunder | /ˈθʌndər/ | n. 雷 v. 打雷；轰鸣；怒吼 | thunder past 轰鸣着驶过；例句：Trucks thundered past the village all night. 卡车整夜轰鸣着驶过村庄。 | "轰鸣/怒吼"动词义为僻义；steal one's thunder 抢风头（习语） |
| lightning | /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ | n. 闪电 adj. 闪电般的 | be struck by lightning 遭雷击；a lightning visit 闪电式访问；例句：The tower was struck by lightning twice last year. 这座塔去年两次遭雷击。 | 与 lightening（减轻）形近；lightning war 闪电战 |
| hail | /heɪl/ | n. 冰雹 v. 下雹；招呼；把……誉为 | hail a taxi 招出租车；be hailed as... 被誉为……；例句：The discovery was hailed as a breakthrough. 这一发现被誉为突破。 | 双义高频："冰雹"与 hail... as"誉为"；hail from 来自 |
| sleet | /sliːt/ | n. 雨夹雪 v. 下雨夹雪 | driving sleet 凛冽的雨夹雪；例句：Sleet turned to snow by evening. 傍晚雨夹雪转成了雪。 | 与 sleep 形近；介于雨雪之间的降水 |
| snowfall | /ˈsnoʊfɔːl/ | n. 降雪（量） | heavy snowfall 大降雪；例句：The season's first snowfall closed the mountain pass. 入冬第一场雪使山口封闭。 | snow + fall；同类：rainfall 降雨量 |
| snowstorm | /ˈsnoʊstɔːrm/ | n. 暴风雪 | be stranded in a snowstorm 被困暴风雪；例句：Hundreds of drivers were stranded in the snowstorm. 数百名司机被困暴风雪中。 | snow + storm；近义 blizzard（更强调强风）见 Unit19 |
| sandstorm | /ˈsændstɔːrm/ | n. 沙尘暴 | a severe sandstorm 强沙尘暴；例句：The sandstorm reduced visibility to fifty meters. 沙尘暴使能见度降至五十米。 | sand + storm；亦作 dust storm（尘暴） |
| haze | /heɪz/ | n. 薄雾；霾 | a dry haze 干霾；例句：A haze hung over the valley all morning. 薄雾整个上午笼罩着山谷。 | a haze of confusion（一头雾水）引申义高频；hazy adj. 模糊的 |
| smog | /smɔːɡ/ | n. 烟雾（污染） | dense smog 浓重的雾霾；例句：Traffic restrictions eased the smog. 交通限行缓解了雾霾。 | smoke + fog 的缩合词（20 世纪伦敦造词） |
| fog | /fɔːɡ/ | n. 雾 v. 雾气笼罩 | dense fog 浓雾；例句：Dense fog delayed shipping in the channel. 浓雾使海峡航运延误。 | foggy adj. 有雾的；a fog of confusion 迷惑 |
| mist | /mɪst/ | n. 薄雾 v. 蒙上薄雾 | a light mist 薄雾；例句：Mist covered the river at dawn. 黎明时分薄雾笼罩河面。 | 比 fog 淡；misty adj. 朦胧的 |
| breeze | /briːz/ | n. 微风；轻而易举的事 | a gentle breeze 微风；例句：A sea breeze cooled the beach. 海风让海滩凉爽下来。 | 僻义"轻松的事"高频：The exam was a breeze. 考试小菜一碟 |
| gust | /ɡʌst/ | n. 一阵强风 v. 阵风劲吹 | a gust of wind 一阵狂风；gusting winds 阵阵劲风；例句：A sudden gust knocked over the scaffolding. 一阵狂风刮倒了脚手架。 | gusty adj. 阵风的；与 gale（大风）区分 |
| gale | /ɡeɪl/ | n. 大风；（风力）八级以上 | gale-force winds 狂风；例句：Gales brought down power lines across the coast. 狂风刮倒了沿海的电线。 | gale warning 大风警报；持续强风称 gale，一时强风称 gust |
| cyclone | /ˈsaɪkloʊn/ | n. 气旋；旋风 | a tropical cyclone 热带气旋；例句：The cyclone made landfall near the port. 气旋在港口附近登陆。 | cyclo（圆，同 cycle）：旋转的风系；hurricane/typhoon 的气象学统称 |
| typhoon | /ˈtaɪfuːn/ | n. 台风 | a typhoon warning 台风预警；例句：The typhoon dumped a month's rain in two days. 台风两天内降下了一个月的雨量。 | 源自粤语"大风"；西北太平洋称 typhoon，大西洋称 hurricane（见 Unit19） |
| heatwave | /ˈhiːtweɪv/ | n. 热浪 | a prolonged heatwave 持续热浪；例句：The heatwave strained the power grid. 热浪让电网不堪重负。 | heat + wave；对应的极寒期是 cold snap |
| muggy | /ˈmʌɡi/ | adj. 闷热潮湿的 | a muggy afternoon 闷热的午后；例句：The gym was muggy after practice. 训练后健身房里又闷又潮。 | 与 mug（杯子）无逻辑关联，整体记 |
| sweltering | /ˈsweltərɪŋ/ | adj. 酷热难耐的 | a sweltering summer day 酷暑天；例句：Passengers waited on the sweltering platform. 乘客在闷热的站台上等候。 | swelter v. 热得难受；程度强于 muggy |
| chilly | /ˈtʃɪli/ | adj. 寒冷的；冷淡的 | a chilly morning 寒凉的清晨；a chilly reception 冷淡的接待；例句：The speech received a chilly response. 演讲反响冷淡。 | chill（寒意）+ -y；"冷淡的"引申义常考 |
| frigid | /ˈfrɪdʒɪd/ | adj. 严寒的；冷淡的 | frigid temperatures 严寒气温；a frigid stare 冷冰冰的注视；例句：The expedition endured frigid nights. 探险队忍受了严寒的夜晚。 | 源自 frigus（冷）；refrigerator 的 frig 同根 |
| mild | /maɪld/ | adj. （气候）温和的；轻微的 | a mild winter 暖冬；a mild punishment 轻微的处罚；例句：The city enjoys a mild climate. 该市气候温和。 | weather"温和"／程度"轻微"双义；反义 severe/harsh |
| landslide | /ˈlændslaɪd/ | n. 山体滑坡；压倒性胜利 | trigger a landslide 引发山体滑坡；win by a landslide 以压倒性优势获胜；例句：Heavy rains triggered landslides along the highway. 暴雨在公路沿线引发山体滑坡。 | land + slide；"选举大胜"义为阅读高频僻义 |
| mudslide | /ˈmʌdslaɪd/ | n. 泥石流；山泥倾泻 | a deadly mudslide 致命的泥石流；例句：The mudslide buried a dozen homes. 泥石流掩埋了十几座房屋。 | mud + slide；亦称 mudflow |
| evacuate | /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ | v. 疏散；撤离 | evacuate the building 撤离大楼；例句：Thousands were evacuated before the storm hit. 风暴来袭前数千人被疏散。 | e-（出）+ vac（空）：把人撤空；与 empty 同根 |
| evacuation | /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃn/ | n. 疏散；撤离 | an evacuation order 疏散令；例句：The governor issued a mandatory evacuation order. 州长发布了强制疏散令。 | evacuate 的名词；evacuation route 疏散路线 |
| warning | /ˈwɔːrnɪŋ/ | n. 警告；警报 | issue a warning 发布警报；an early-warning system 预警系统；例句：Sirens gave residents minutes of warning. 警报器给了居民几分钟预警时间。 | warn 的名词；without warning 毫无预兆 |
| alert | /əˈlɜːrt/ | n. 警戒；警报 v. 使警觉 adj. 警觉的 | a tornado alert 龙卷风警报；alert... to the danger 使……警觉危险；例句：An automated system alerted officials within seconds. 自动系统数秒内通知了官员。 | 多词性高频：on high alert 高度戒备；be alert to 对……警觉 |
| siren | /ˈsaɪrən/ | n. 警报器；汽笛 | air-raid sirens 防空警报器；例句：Sirens wailed across the county. 警报声响彻全县。 | 源自希腊神话中以歌声诱人的海妖塞壬 |
| casualty | /ˈkæʒuəlti/ | n. 伤亡人员；受害者 | heavy casualties 重大伤亡；a casualty of the recession 衰退的受害者；例句：The quake caused dozens of casualties. 地震造成数十人伤亡。 | casual（偶然的）衍生；引申"（事业的）牺牲品"义高频 |
| debris | /dəˈbriː/ | n. 残骸；碎片 | search through the debris 在残骸中搜寻；space debris 太空垃圾；例句：Rescuers cleared debris to reach the village. 救援人员清理废墟以进入该村。 | 词尾 s 不发音；指碎片残骸，非生活垃圾 |
| rescue | /ˈreskjuː/ | n./v. 营救；救援 | a rescue team 救援队；rescue... from... 把……从……救出；例句：Helicopters rescued stranded hikers. 直升机救出了被困的徒步者。 | re-（再）+ scue：反复搜寻救出；rescue package 救助方案（经济） |
| relief | /rɪˈliːf/ | n. 救济；缓解；宽慰 | relief efforts 救灾工作；to one's relief 令人宽慰的是；例句：International agencies coordinated the relief effort. 国际机构协调了救灾工作。 | relieve v. 减轻；三义高频：救灾／痛苦缓解／心理宽慰 |
| outage | /ˈaʊtɪdʒ/ | n. 停电；（服务）中断 | a power outage 停电；例句：The storm caused widespread power outages. 风暴造成大范围停电。 | out + -age（名词化）：服务"出局"；同类：downtime |
| spell | /spel/ | n. 一段时间；咒语 v. 拼写 | a cold spell 寒潮期；a dry spell 干旱期；例句：A spell of bad weather delayed the launch. 一段恶劣天气使发射推迟。 | 熟词僻义"（天气的）一段时期"高频：a cold/wet/dry spell；另义"咒语" |
