Unit02 态度与评价

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:态度与评价——阅读"作者态度题"与文章评论段的高频词。态度题的解法在 阅读理解题型与解题框架,本单元提供解题所需的词汇弹药:识别作者对观点是支持、反对、怀疑还是中立
  • 学法:按"积极 / 消极 / 中立 / 程度"四个语义簇成串记忆(每词记忆点列已标簇别);学完做文末自测,按 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
skeptical/ˈskeptɪkl/adj. 怀疑的(名词 skepticism)be skeptical of/about... 对……怀疑;例句:Experts are skeptical of the company's claims. 专家对该公司的说法持怀疑态度。态度题最高频答案词之一(消极簇);"合理怀疑"是学术默认立场,未必否定
advocate/ˈædvəkeɪt/ v.; /ˈædvəkət/ n.v. 提倡,主张;n. 拥护者advocate doing sth 提倡做某事;an advocate of reform 改革的拥护者;例句:The group advocates tighter regulation. 该团体主张更严格的监管。积极簇;重音区分动(-keɪt)名(-kət);= speak in favor of
contempt/kənˈtempt/n. 轻蔑;鄙视(形容词 contemptuous)show contempt for... 鄙视……;contemptuous of criticism 对批评不屑一顾;例句:He expressed contempt for such lazy thinking. 他对这种懒惰思维表示鄙夷。消极簇中程度最重的词之一;con(共同)+ tempt(蔑视)
optimistic/ˌɑːptɪˈmɪstɪk/adj. 乐观的(名词 optimism)optimistic about... 对……乐观;cautiously optimistic 谨慎乐观;例句:Economists are cautiously optimistic about the recovery. 经济学家对复苏持谨慎乐观态度。积极簇;与 pessimistic 成对记;cautiously optimistic 是阅读高频态度答案
pessimistic/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/adj. 悲观的(名词 pessimism)pessimistic about the prospects 对前景悲观;例句:The report takes a pessimistic view of the job market. 报告对就业市场持悲观看法。消极簇;optim(最好)vs pessim(最坏)拉丁比较级词根
biased/ˈbaɪəst/adj. 有偏见的(名词 bias)biased against/toward... 对……有偏见/偏向;gender bias 性别偏见;例句:The sample was biased toward younger users. 样本偏向年轻用户。中立评价的反面;bias 可作名词与动词;研究方法类文章高频
indifferent/ɪnˈdɪfrənt/adj. 冷漠的;不感兴趣的(名词 indifference)be indifferent to... 对……漠不关心;例句:Voters are not indifferent to the issue. 选民对该问题并非漠不关心。中立簇;注意不是"不同的"(different);indifference 表"不在乎"
neutral/ˈnuːtrəl/adj. 中立的;中性的remain neutral 保持中立;a neutral tone 中性语气;例句:The article maintains a neutral tone throughout. 文章全程保持中立语气。中立簇;ne(不)+ uter(任一方)= 不站任何一边
objective/əbˈdʒektɪv/adj. 客观的;n. 目标an objective assessment 客观评估;例句:The review tries to give an objective account of the evidence. 该综述力求客观呈现证据。态度题答案词(中立/积极);僻义"目标"= goal;与 subjective 对举
subjective/səbˈdʒektɪv/adj. 主观的a subjective judgment 主观判断;例句:Beauty standards are largely subjective. 审美标准在很大程度上是主观的。与 objective 成对;sub(在下)= 依个人视角而下
critical/ˈkrɪtɪkl/adj. 批评的;关键的;批判性的be critical of... 批评……;critical thinking 批判性思维;a critical factor 关键因素;例句:The report is highly critical of the agency. 报告对该机构提出严厉批评。三义全高频:批评(消极)/关键(中性)/批判性思维(学术);语境定义
favorable/ˈfeɪvərəbl/adj. 赞许的;有利的a favorable review 好评;favorable conditions 有利条件;例句:The book received favorable reviews. 该书获得好评。积极簇;favor(赞同)+ able;与 unfavorable 成对
approval/əˈpruːvl/n. 赞成;批准nod in approval 点头赞许;approve of... 赞成……;例句:The plan won broad approval. 计划获得广泛赞成。积极簇;ap + prove(证明通过);僻义"批准"(官方许可)常考
disapproval/ˌdɪsəˈpruːvl/n. 不赞成express disapproval of... 对……表示不满;例句:She frowned in disapproval. 她皱眉表示不满。消极簇(轻中度);dis + approval;比 condemnation 程度轻
ironic/aɪˈrɑːnɪk/adj. 讽刺的;具有讽刺意味的(名词 irony)an ironic tone 讽刺语气;It is ironic that... 具有讽刺意味的是……;例句:It is ironic that the safety device caused the accident. 讽刺的是安全装置引发了事故。中立偏质疑簇;irony 反讽——说的与真实意思相反;态度题重要信号
sarcastic/sɑːrˈkæstɪk/adj. 挖苦的;尖刻讽刺的(名词 sarcasm)a sarcastic remark 挖苦的话;例句:His sarcastic comment drew laughter. 他尖刻的评论引来笑声。比 ironic 更刻薄、带人身攻击性;sar(撕)暗示撕破脸
tolerant/ˈtɑːlərənt/adj. 容忍的;宽容的(动词 tolerate)be tolerant of/toward... 容忍……;例句:Society has grown more tolerant of diverse lifestyles. 社会对多元生活方式更宽容了。中立/积极簇;tolerance 名词;"零容忍"zero tolerance
conservative/kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/adj. 保守的;n. 保守者a conservative estimate 保守估计;例句:Even by conservative estimates, costs will double. 即使按保守估计,成本也将翻倍。"保守估计"是数据类文章固定搭配,未必涉政治立场;与 radical 对举
radical/ˈrædɪkl/adj. 激进的;彻底的radical reform 彻底改革;radical views 激进观点;例句:The proposal represents a radical departure from current policy. 该提案与现行政策彻底决裂。radic(根 root)= 连根拔起式的;既指"激进"也指"根本性的"
moderate/ˈmɑːdərət/ adj.; /ˈmɑːdəreɪt/ v.adj. 温和的;适度的;v. 缓和;主持a moderate increase 温和增长;moderate the discussion 主持讨论;例句:The panel backed moderate reforms. 专家组支持温和改革。中间簇:介于 conservative 与 radical 之间;"适度"义在数据描述高频
apprehensive/ˌæprɪˈhensɪv/adj. 忧虑的;担心的(名词 apprehension)apprehensive about... 对……担忧;例句:Workers are apprehensive about the coming layoffs. 工人们对即将到来的裁员感到忧虑。消极簇(轻度);ap + prehend(抓住)= 心被担忧抓住;同根 comprehend 理解
resent/rɪˈzent/v. 怨恨;愤懑(名词 resentment)resent being treated unfairly 怨恨受到不公对待;例句:He resents the implication that he cheated. 他对暗示他作弊的说法心怀不满。消极簇;re(回)+ sent(感觉)= 反感涌回;resent doing sth 接动名词
disdain/dɪsˈdeɪn/n./v. 鄙视;不屑with disdain 不屑地;disdain to do sth 不屑做某事;例句:She disdained an apology. 她不屑于道歉。消极簇;与 contempt 近义但更强调"不屑一顾";dis(否)+ dain(价值 dign)
scorn/skɔːrn/n./v. 轻蔑;嘲笑pour scorn on... 对……大加嘲讽;例句:Critics poured scorn on the plan. 批评者对该计划大加嘲讽。消极簇;固定搭配 pour/heap scorn on 是高频考点
admiration/ˌædməˈreɪʃn/n. 钦佩;赞赏(动词 admire)deep admiration for... 对……深感钦佩;例句:Her work commands widespread admiration. 她的工作赢得广泛钦佩。积极簇;ad + mir(惊叹)= 惊叹地看;同根 miracle 奇迹
compliment/ˈkɑːmplɪmənt/n./v. 赞美;恭维pay sb a compliment 恭维某人;例句:He took it as a compliment. 他把这当作恭维。积极簇;与 complement(补充)形近,辨析高频:i(赞美)vs e(补充)
condemn/kənˈdem/v. 谴责;判刑condemn...as... 谴责……为……;例句:The practice has been widely condemned. 该做法遭到广泛谴责。消极簇(重度);con + demn(伤害 damn)= 定罪式谴责;比 criticize 重得多
denounce/dɪˈnaʊns/v. 公开谴责;告发denounce the policy 公开抨击该政策;例句:Opponents denounced the deal as a betrayal. 反对者抨击该协议是背叛。消极簇(重度);de + nounce(宣布)= 公开宣布其罪;与 announce 同根
acknowledge/əkˈnɑːlɪdʒ/v. 承认;致谢acknowledge that... 承认……;It is widely acknowledged that... 众所周知……;例句:The study acknowledges several limitations. 研究承认了若干局限。中立簇;学术让步固定用法;= admit the existence of,不等于 agree
doubt/daʊt/n./v. 怀疑beyond doubt 毫无疑问;cast doubt on... 使人怀疑……;例句:New evidence cast doubt on the theory. 新证据使人们对该理论产生怀疑。消极簇(轻);cast/raise doubt on 是态度题最强信号之一
suspect/səˈspekt/ v.; /ˈsʌspekt/ n.v. 怀疑(有某事);猜想;n. 嫌疑人suspect that... 怀疑……;例句:Researchers suspect a hidden factor at work. 研究者怀疑存在隐藏因素。与 doubt 辨析:suspect 是"疑其为真"(接近 believe),doubt 是"疑其为假";重音区分动名
convinced/kənˈvɪnst/adj. 确信的(动词 convince)be convinced that/of... 确信……;a convincing argument 有说服力的论证;例句:Few readers will be convinced by this reasoning. 很少有读者会被这种推理说服。积极簇;convince sb of sth / be convinced of;convincing 转指论证有力
enthusiasm/ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/n. 热情;热忱(形容词 enthusiastic)enthusiasm for... 对……的热情;例句:Public enthusiasm for the project has cooled. 公众对该项目的热情已经降温。积极簇;en + thus(神 theos)= 心中有神灵般的火;不可数名词
detached/dɪˈtætʃt/adj. 超然的;不带个人感情的a detached observer 超然的观察者;例句:The essay takes a detached view of both sides. 文章对双方持超然视角。中立簇;de + tach(附着 stick)= 分开不粘;态度题答案词
impartial/ɪmˈpɑːrʃl/adj. 公正的;不偏不倚的an impartial inquiry 公正的调查;例句:Judges must remain impartial. 法官必须保持公正。中立簇;im(不)+ partial(偏袒的);近义 unbiased;态度题答案词
prejudice/ˈpredʒudɪs/n./v. 偏见;损害prejudice against... 对……的偏见;例句:The test was designed to remove racial prejudice. 该测试旨在消除种族偏见。消极簇;pre(预先)+ judice(判断)= 预先下判断;僻义"损害"(without prejudice)了解即可
discriminate/dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/v. 歧视;区分(名词 discrimination)discriminate against... 歧视……;discriminate between A and B 区分 A 与 B;例句:The law discriminates against part-time workers. 该法律歧视兼职工。双义高频:歧视(against)/ 区分(between);positive discrimination 平权措施
cynical/ˈsɪnɪkl/adj. 愤世嫉俗的;认为人人皆自私的a cynical view of politics 对政治的犬儒式看法;例句:Voters have grown cynical about promises. 选民对承诺变得愤世嫉俗。消极簇;cynic(犬儒学派)→ 认为一切行为皆出于私利
dismissive/dɪˈsmɪsɪv/adj. 轻蔑的;不屑理会的(动词 dismiss)dismissive of... 对……不屑一顾;例句:The review was dismissive of her early work. 该评论对她早期作品不屑一顾。消极簇;dismiss A as B"把 A 斥为 B 而不加理会"是完形高频搭配
complacent/kəmˈpleɪsnt/adj. 自满的;沾沾自喜的(名词 complacency)a complacent attitude 自满态度;例句:The team cannot afford to be complacent. 团队承受不起自满。消极簇(对自身);com + plac( pleasing 使满意)= 躺在满意上;勿与 compliant(顺从)混淆
supportive/səˈpɔːrtɪv/adj. 支持的be supportive of... 支持……;例句:Most reviewers were supportive of the change. 多数评论者支持这一改变。积极簇;态度题最直白的支持信号词;support + ive
oppose/əˈpoʊz/v. 反对(名词 opposition)oppose the plan 反对该计划;as opposed to... 与……相对;例句:Local businesses opposed the new tax. 当地企业反对新税。消极簇;op(对着)+ pose(放)= 对着摆;be opposed to doing sth
sympathetic/ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/adj. 同情的;赞同的(名词 sympathy)sympathetic to/toward... 对……同情/赞同;例句:The author is sympathetic to the strikers' cause. 作者同情罢工者的事业。双义:同情(对弱者)/ 赞同(对观点);态度题需靠语境定簇
cautious/ˈkɔːʃəs/adj. 谨慎的(名词 caution)cautious about... 对……谨慎;a cautious welcome 谨慎的欢迎;例句:The market gave the plan a cautious welcome. 市场对该计划表示谨慎欢迎。中立簇;cautious optimism(谨慎乐观)是阅读高频态度答案
arrogant/ˈærəɡənt/adj. 傲慢的(名词 arrogance)an arrogant claim 傲慢的断言;例句:It would be arrogant to assume we cannot fail. 假定我们不会失败就是傲慢。消极簇;ar + rog(要求)= 一味强要;近义 proud(中性)
indignant/ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/adj. 愤慨的(名词 indignation)indignant at/about... 对……愤慨;例句:Residents were indignant about the cover-up. 居民对掩盖行为感到愤慨。消极簇;in + dign(尊严)= 尊严被冒犯之义愤;对"不义"而非对"伤害自己"
permissive/pərˈmɪsɪv/adj. 放任的;纵容的a permissive attitude 纵容态度;permissive parents 放任型父母;例句:Critics blamed the school's permissive culture. 批评者归咎于学校的放任文化。消极簇;per + miss(放行)= 一律放行;教育学文章高频
ambivalent/æmˈbɪvələnt/adj. 矛盾的;举棋不定的(名词 ambivalence)ambivalent about... 对……心情矛盾;例句:The public remains ambivalent about the technology. 公众对该技术仍态度矛盾。中立簇;ambi(双)+ val(价值)= 两边都有价值;态度题"矛盾态度"标准答案词
condescending/ˌkɑːndɪˈsendɪŋ/adj. 居高临下的;屈尊俯就的a condescending tone 居高临下的语气;例句:The article treats readers in a condescending manner. 文章以居高临下的态度对待读者。消极簇;con + descend(下降)= 降贵纡尊地待人;暗含轻蔑
persuasive/pərˈsweɪsɪv/adj. 有说服力的a persuasive argument 有说服力的论证;例句:She made a persuasive case for reform. 她为改革提出了有说服力的论证。评价簇(积极);per + suade(劝);persuade 说服 → persuasive 令人信服

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

做法:先做后对;中译英先在脑中组句再核对搭配;选择题先说线索再选。错题登记进 00-错题本,错因标签用"词义/搭配"。

第 1 题(中译英):专家们对这些数据持怀疑态度。(用 skeptical)

第 2 题(中译英):新证据使人们对该理论产生了怀疑。(用 doubt)

第 3 题(中译英):许多经济学家主张更严格的监管。(用 advocate)

第 4 题(中译英):批评者对这一计划大加嘲讽。(用 scorn)

第 5 题(义辨):题干 "The author's tone toward the proposal can best be described as ______." 若全文只摆双方证据、不下结论,应选:

A. contemptuous B. indifferent C. detached D. indignant

第 6 题(义辨):The author quotes the critic's words with obvious ______, making fun of their weakness.

A. irony B. compliment C. indifference D. caution

第 7 题(义辨):The manager ______ the suggestion as impractical without even reading it.

A. advocated B. dismissed C. suspected D. resented

第 8 题(义辨):题干 "She ______ that her colleague had taken credit for her work." 中应填:

A. doubted B. suspected C. was skeptical D. disapproved

第 9 题(义辨):The public feels ______ about the new technology—excited by its promise but worried about its risks.

A. complacent B. ambivalent C. apprehensive D. arrogant

第 10 题(搭配填空):The committee is widely ______ of the government's handling of the crisis.(填一个形容词,表示"不满")

参考答案与简析
  1. Experts are skeptical of/about the data.(或 remain skeptical about...)考点:be skeptical of/about 固定搭配;难度:易;错因提醒:介词用 of/about,不用 to。
  2. New evidence cast doubt on the theory.(或 raised doubts about...)考点:cast/raise doubt on 固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:doubt 不可数用 cast doubt on,可数用 doubts about。
  3. Many economists advocate tighter regulation.(或 advocate imposing stricter regulation)考点:advocate 后接名词或动名词,不接 to do;难度:中;错因提醒:advocate to do 是典型错误。
  4. Critics poured scorn on the plan.(或 heaped scorn on it)考点:pour/heap scorn on 固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:scorn 作宾语的搭配固定,不能直译 throw scorn。
  5. C。detached 超然的(只呈现证据、不偏袒);contemptuous 鄙夷、indignant 愤慨均为消极且需文中证据;indifferent 冷漠在"认真摆证据"的语境下不成立;难度:难;错因提醒:态度题区分"中立呈现"(detached/neutral)与"不关心"(indifferent)。
  6. A。irony/ironic tone 反讽——引用其言反其意以嘲之;compliment 赞美、indifference 冷漠、caution 谨慎均与 making fun of 不符;考点:irony 词义;难度:中;错因提醒:making fun of 是 ironic 的线索词。
  7. B。dismiss A as B"把 A 斥为 B 而不理会",与 without even reading it 呼应;advocate 提倡、suspect 怀疑(接从句)、resent 怨恨(接动名词);难度:中;错因提醒:dismiss...as... 是完形与词汇题双高频搭配。
  8. B。suspect that... 怀疑某事为真(= think it likely),后接完整从句;doubt that 表示"怀疑其为假",语义相反;be skeptical 需接 of/about;难度:难;错因提醒:doubt 与 suspect 是"疑假"与"疑真"之辨,考研经典陷阱。
  9. B。ambivalent 矛盾的,破折号后"既兴奋又担忧"是同位解释;complacent 自满、apprehensive 仅忧虑、arrogant 傲慢均不能涵盖双向情绪;难度:中;错因提醒:ambivalent 需同时存在两种对立态度。
  10. critical。be critical of... 对……持批评态度;难度:易;错因提醒:critical 在此为"批评的"义,不是"关键的";disapproving of 也对但介词不同。