Unit07 环境与能源

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:环境与能源——考研阅读环境类、能源类文章(气候变化、污染治理、生态保护、能源转型等)的骨架词。本单元聚焦环境问题与能源词汇,经济政策类词汇见 Unit03-经济与商业
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
sustainable/səˈsteɪnəbl/adj. 可持续的sustainable development 可持续发展;例句:The city is investing in sustainable transport. 该市正投资于可持续交通。sustain(维持)+ -able:能长久维持下去的
sustainability/səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/n. 可持续性corporate sustainability 企业可持续性;例句:The report examines the sustainability of current farming methods. 报告审视了现行耕作方式的可持续性。sustainable 的名词形式
emission/ɪˈmɪʃn/n. 排放(物);排放量(常用复数)reduce carbon emissions 减少碳排放;例句:The country pledged to cut emissions by 40 percent. 该国承诺将排放量削减百分之四十。e-(出)+ miss(送,同 mission):送出去的东西
renewable/rɪˈnuːəbl/adj. 可再生的;可续订的renewable energy 可再生能源;例句:Wind and solar are major renewable sources. 风能和太阳能是主要的可再生能源。re-(再)+ new(新)+ -able:能再次更新的
conservation/ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn/n. 保护;节约(自然资源)energy conservation 节能;wildlife conservation 野生动物保护;例句:Water conservation is vital in arid regions. 节水在干旱地区至关重要。con-(共同)+ serv(保持,同 preserve):一起守住
contaminate/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/v. 污染;弄脏contaminate drinking water 污染饮用水;例句:The river was contaminated by industrial waste. 河流被工业废料污染了。contamin(污染)+ -ate;名词 contamination
contamination/kənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃn/n. 污染;玷污nuclear contamination 核污染;例句:Tests revealed contamination of the soil. 检测显示土壤受到污染。contaminate 的名词形式
drought/draʊt/n. 旱灾;干旱a severe drought 严重旱灾;例句:The drought destroyed half of the crop. 旱灾毁掉了一半的庄稼。与 dry 同源;注意发音不发 /t/ 中间的音
flood/flʌd/n. 洪水 v. 淹没;涌到flood-prone areas 易涝地区;例句:Heavy rains flooded the valley. 大雨淹没了山谷。"水"义贯穿始终
famine/ˈfæmɪn/n. 饥荒widespread famine 大范围饥荒;例句:The drought led to famine across the region. 干旱导致该地区普遍饥荒。与 famish(使饥饿)同源
ecology/iˈkɑːlədʒi/n. 生态;生态学the ecology of the region 该地区生态;例句:He studies the ecology of coastal wetlands. 他研究沿海湿地的生态。eco(生态)+ logy(学科)
ecological/ˌiːkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/adj. 生态的ecological balance 生态平衡;例句:Dams can damage ecological balance. 水坝可能破坏生态平衡。ecology + -ical
ecosystem/ˈiːkoʊsɪstəm/n. 生态系统a fragile ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统;例句:Every species plays a role in the ecosystem. 每个物种在生态系统中都各有作用。eco(生态)+ system(系统)
biodiversity/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/n. 生物多样性loss of biodiversity 生物多样性的丧失;例句:Deforestation threatens biodiversity in the tropics. 毁林威胁热带地区的生物多样性。bio(生命)+ diversity(多样性)
species/ˈspiːʃiːz/n. 物种(单复数同形)an endangered species 濒危物种;例句:Many species face extinction. 许多物种面临灭绝。单复数同形:one species, ten species
habitat/ˈhæbɪtæt/n. 栖息地natural habitat 自然栖息地;例句:Farming has destroyed much of the tiger's natural habitat. 农耕毁掉了老虎的大部分天然栖息地。habit(居住习惯)+ at:习惯居住之地
extinct/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/adj. 灭绝的an extinct volcano 死火山;例句:Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙已灭绝数百万年。ex-(出)+ tinct(刺,同 sting):被刺灭的
extinction/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/n. 灭绝on the brink of extinction 濒临灭绝;例句:The species is on the brink of extinction. 该物种濒临灭绝。extinct 的名词形式
endangered/ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd/adj. 濒危的endangered animals 濒危动物;例句:Pandas are among the world's most endangered animals. 熊猫是世界上最濒危的动物之一。endanger(危及)+ -ed:被危及的
pollution/pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染air/water pollution 空气/水污染;例句:Traffic is the main source of urban air pollution. 交通是城市空气污染的主要来源。pollut(e)(污染)+ -ion
pollutant/pəˈluːtənt/n. 污染物toxic pollutants 有毒污染物;例句:The plant releases pollutants into the air. 该工厂向空气中排放污染物。pollute + -ant:污染之物
degrade/dɪˈɡreɪd/v. 降低;退化;降解degrade the environment 破坏环境;例句:Plastic waste degrades very slowly. 塑料垃圾降解极慢。de-(向下)+ grade(等级):等级往下走
degradation/ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/n. 退化;恶化environmental degradation 环境恶化;例句:Land degradation reduces farm output. 土地退化降低了农业产量。degrade 的名词形式
deplete/dɪˈpliːt/v. 耗尽;使枯竭deplete natural resources 耗尽自然资源;例句:Overfishing has depleted fish stocks. 过度捕捞已使鱼群枯竭。de-(去掉)+ plete(满,同 complete):不满了
depletion/dɪˈpliːʃn/n. 消耗;枯竭the depletion of the ozone layer 臭氧层损耗;例句:Experts warn of the rapid depletion of groundwater. 专家警告地下水正迅速枯竭。deplete 的名词形式
deforestation/ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/n. 毁林;滥伐森林rampant deforestation 肆意毁林;例句:Deforestation contributes to climate change. 毁林加剧了气候变化。de-(去除)+ forest(森林)+ -ation
erosion/ɪˈroʊʒn/n. 侵蚀;腐蚀soil erosion 水土流失;例句:Tree roots prevent soil erosion. 树根能防止水土流失。erode(侵蚀)的名词;也可指"信心等的逐渐丧失"
fertile/ˈfɜːrtl/adj. 肥沃的;多产的fertile soil 沃土;例句:The delta has some of the world's most fertile farmland. 该三角洲拥有世界上最肥沃的一些农田。fert(结果实)+ -ile;名词 fertility 肥力
atmosphere/ˈætməsfɪr/n. 大气层;气氛pollute the atmosphere 污染大气;例句:Carbon dioxide builds up in the atmosphere. 二氧化碳在大气中不断积聚。atmo(气)+ sphere(球体)
carbon/ˈkɑːrbən/n. 碳carbon footprint 碳足迹;例句:The firm aims to halve its carbon footprint. 该公司力争将碳足迹减半。化学元素词,靠搭配记
greenhouse/ˈɡriːnhaʊs/n. 温室the greenhouse effect 温室效应;greenhouse gases 温室气体;例句:Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere. 温室气体把热量困在大气中。green(绿)+ house(房子):种花的玻璃房
fossil/ˈfɑːsl/n. 化石fossil fuels 化石燃料;例句:The country still depends heavily on fossil fuels. 该国仍严重依赖化石燃料。挖出来的"化石",fossil fuel 已固化成固定搭配
solar/ˈsoʊlər/adj. 太阳的;太阳能的solar panels 太阳能电池板;例句:Solar panels cover the roof of the factory. 工厂屋顶铺满太阳能板。sol(太阳,同 solar system 太阳系)+ -ar
nuclear/ˈnuːkliər/adj. 核的;原子核的nuclear power 核能;例句:Nuclear power plants produce no carbon emissions. 核电站不产生碳排放。nucleus(原子核)的形容词
radiation/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/n. 辐射;放射solar radiation 太阳辐射;例句:The leak released harmful radiation. 泄漏释放出有害辐射。radi(光线,同 radio)+ -ation
grid/ɡrɪd/n. 电网;网格the national grid 国家电网;例句:Renewable energy must feed into the grid. 可再生能源必须并入电网。格子 → 输电网络
recycle/ˌriːˈsaɪkl/v./n. 回收利用recycle plastic waste 回收塑料垃圾;例句:The city recycles more than half of its household waste. 该市回收了过半的生活垃圾。re-(再)+ cycle(循环):再循环
disposal/dɪˈspoʊzl/n. 处理;清除waste disposal 废物处理;例句:The island faces a waste-disposal crisis. 该岛面临垃圾处理危机。dispose(处理)+ -al;at one's disposal"供某人使用"
dump/dʌmp/v. 倾倒;倾销 n. 垃圾场dump waste into the sea 把废料倒入海中;例句:The factory was fined for dumping chemicals into the river. 该厂因向河中倾倒化学品被罚款。"一倒了之"
toxic/ˈtɑːksɪk/adj. 有毒的toxic chemicals 有毒化学品;例句:The site was contaminated with toxic waste. 该场地被有毒废料污染。tox(毒)+ -ic;名词 toxicity 毒性
hazardous/ˈhæzərdəs/adj. 有危险的hazardous waste 有害废料;例句:Hazardous waste must be stored safely. 有害废料必须妥善存放。hazard(危险)+ -ous
ozone/ˈoʊzoʊn/n. 臭氧the ozone layer 臭氧层;例句:The ozone layer shields us from ultraviolet radiation. 臭氧层保护我们免受紫外线辐射。搭配 ozone layer 必记
climate/ˈklaɪmət/n. 气候;风气climate change 气候变化;例句:Climate change is reshaping agriculture. 气候变化正在重塑农业。区别 weather(天气):climate 是长期平均状况
glacier/ˈɡleɪʃər/n. 冰川melting glaciers 融化的冰川;例句:Melting glaciers raise sea levels. 冰川融化推高海平面。搭配 melt(融化)一起记
reserve/rɪˈzɜːrv/n. 自然保护区;储备 v. 保留;预订a nature reserve 自然保护区;例句:The pandas live in a protected nature reserve. 熊猫生活在受保护的自然保护区。re-(回)+ serv(保持):留存下来
mitigate/ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/v. 减轻;缓解mitigate the effects of climate change 缓解气候变化的影响;例句:Planting trees can mitigate urban heat. 植树能缓解城市高温。mit(温和,同 mitigate)+ ig + -ate:使变温和
adapt/əˈdæpt/v. 适应;改编adapt to climate change 适应气候变化;例句:Farmers must adapt to shifting rainfall patterns. 农民必须适应降雨模式的变化。adapt to(适应);区别 adopt(采纳)
vulnerable/ˈvʌlnərəbl/adj. 脆弱的;易受伤害的be vulnerable to floods 易受洪水侵害;例句:Coastal cities are vulnerable to rising seas. 沿海城市易受海平面上升的伤害。vulner(伤,同 wound)+ -able:能被伤害的
scarcity/ˈskersəti/n. 稀缺;不足water scarcity 水资源短缺;例句:Water scarcity threatens food security. 水资源短缺威胁粮食安全。scarce(稀缺的)+ -ity
disaster/dɪˈzæstər/n. 灾难natural disasters 自然灾害;例句:The region is prone to natural disasters. 该地区易发自然灾害。dis-(坏)+ aster(星):古人认为灾祸源于凶星

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. reduce carbon emissions
  2. on the brink of extinction
  3. soil erosion
  4. the national grid

第 5-7 题:选词填空(sustainable / deplete / contaminated / mitigate,注意正确形式)

  1. The groundwater was ______ with chemicals from the nearby factory.
  2. Overgrazing has ______ the grasslands, leaving little for wildlife.
  3. Cities are planting trees to ______ the effects of extreme heat.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. Coastal communities are particularly vulnerable ______ rising sea levels.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 过度捕捞已经耗尽了这片海域的鱼类资源。(overfishing / deplete / fish stocks)
  2. 该国承诺到 2030 年将碳排放量减少一半。(pledge / emission)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 减少碳排放。emission 常用复数 emissions,指排放总量;动词 emit(排放)同样高频。
  2. 濒临灭绝。on the brink of extinction 是环境类文章高频表达;extinct 为形容词形式。
  3. 水土流失(土壤侵蚀)。erosion 指风、水等对土壤的侵蚀,动词 erode。
  4. 国家电网。grid 在能源类文章中指输电网络,feed into the grid(并入电网)为高频搭配。
  5. contaminated。be contaminated with...(被……污染),被动结构用过去分词。
  6. depleted。现在完成时 has depleted;deplete 强调"逐渐耗尽",与资源类名词搭配。
  7. mitigate。mitigate the effects of...(缓解……的影响)是固定搭配,环境政策类文章常见。
  8. to。be vulnerable to...(易受……伤害),to 为介词,后接名词或动名词。
  9. Overfishing has depleted fish stocks in these waters.(deplete 亦可用被动:Fish stocks have been depleted by overfishing)
  10. The country has pledged to cut its carbon emissions in half by 2030.(pledge to do 承诺做某事;"减少一半"亦可用 reduce...by 50 percent)