Unit34 评价性形容词

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:评价性形容词——评价人(称职/平庸)、评物(精湛/劣质)、评理(可信/可疑)、评规(严苛/松懈)的判断词。阅读中它们是态度题的信号灯,写作中是替换 good / bad / strict 的升级词。论证功能类评价词(imperative、feasible、detrimental 等)见 Unit24-写作高级表达,学术可信度词(dubious、credible、valid)见 Unit01-学术研究与论证
  • 学法:按"称职 / 品质 / 可信 / 正当 / 稳健 / 精妙 / 严宽 / 正统 / 深浅"九个语义簇成串记忆;先记褒贬方向,再记搭配与介词;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
competent/ˈkɑːmpɪtənt/adj. 有能力的;胜任的a competent engineer 称职的工程师;be competent to do sth 有能力做某事;例句:She is highly competent in project management. 她在项目管理上非常胜任。compete(竞争)去 e 加 -ent:能在竞争中上岗的;名词 competence 能力
proficient/prəˈfɪʃnt/adj. 熟练的;精通的proficient in English 精通英语;a proficient skier 技术娴熟的滑雪者;例句:Months of practice made him proficient at debugging. 数月练习使他调试技术娴熟。pro-(向前)+ fic(做,同 fact):做在别人前头;名词 proficiency 熟练程度
adept/əˈdept/adj. 熟练的;擅长的be adept at handling crises 善于处理危机;an adept negotiator 老练的谈判者;例句:He is adept at turning criticism into improvements. 他善于把批评转化为改进。与 adapt(适应)仅一字母之差;搭配固定用 adept at
seasoned/ˈsiːznd/adj. 经验丰富的a seasoned journalist 资深记者;seasoned investors 老练的投资者;例句:A seasoned editor spotted the error at once. 资深编辑一眼就发现了错误。season(季节)→ 经历过许多个"季节"自然老练
versed/vɜːrst/adj. 精通的be well versed in the law 精通法律;例句:She is well versed in employment law. 她精通劳动法。几乎只出现在 well versed in 搭配中,整串记忆
versatile/ˈvɜːrsətl/adj. 多才多艺的;用途广泛的a versatile actor 多面手演员;a versatile tool 多功能工具;例句:Bamboo is a remarkably versatile material. 竹子是一种用途极广的材料。vers(转)+ atile:能转向各个领域;名词 versatility 多功能性
incompetent/ɪmˈkɑːmpɪtənt/adj. 不称职的;无能的an incompetent manager 不称职的经理;gross incompetence 严重失职;例句:The firm was sued for incompetent handling of the case. 该公司因办案不力被起诉。competent 加 in-(不);名词 incompetence 不胜任
inept/ɪˈnept/adj. 笨拙的;不称职的an inept remark 不得体的话;inept at diplomacy 外交上笨拙;例句:The government's inept response deepened the crisis. 政府笨拙的应对加深了危机。in-(不)+ ept(合适,同 apt):不合宜;贬义比 incompetent 更重
sloppy/ˈslɑːpi/adj. 草率的;马虎的sloppy work 马虎的活计;sloppy thinking 潦草的思维;例句:Sloppy coding cost the company millions. 草率的编码让公司损失数百万。slop(溅出):把水弄得到处都是——干活不收拾
shoddy/ˈʃɑːdi/adj. 劣质的;粗制滥造的shoddy construction 偷工减料的建筑;a shoddy excuse 敷衍的借口;例句:The collapse traced back to shoddy materials. 坍塌可追溯至劣质材料。源自 shoddy"再生毛料"(劣质布料)→ 一切粗劣之物
impeccable/ɪmˈpekəbl/adj. 无可挑剔的;完美的impeccable manners 无可挑剔的举止;impeccable timing 时机拿捏得恰到好处;例句:Her command of grammar is impeccable. 她的语法功底无可挑剔。im-(不)+ pecc(过失):挑不出过错;impeach(弹劾)同根
exemplary/ɪɡˈzempləri/adj. 堪称典范的;警戒性的exemplary conduct 模范行为;an exemplary punishment 杀一儆百的惩罚;例句:The crew's exemplary calm averted disaster. 机组人员堪称楷模的镇定避免了灾难。example(榜样)的形容词;"惩戒性"僻义见于法律语境
outstanding/aʊtˈstændɪŋ/adj. 杰出的;悬而未决的;未偿付的outstanding achievements 杰出成就;an outstanding balance 未结清的余额;例句:She won the award for outstanding research. 她因杰出研究获奖。stand out(突出)的形容词;"未偿付的"僻义在金融文章常考
formidable/ˈfɔːrmɪdəbl/adj. 强大的;难以对付的a formidable opponent 强大的对手;a formidable challenge 艰巨的挑战;例句:The team overcame formidable technical hurdles. 团队克服了巨大的技术障碍。formid(令人害怕);褒贬两可:formidable talent 令人叹服的才华
exquisite/ɪkˈskwɪzɪt/adj. 精美的;精湛的exquisite craftsmanship 精湛工艺;exquisite pain 剧烈的疼痛;例句:The museum houses exquisite jade carvings. 博物馆收藏精美的玉雕。ex-(出)+ quis(寻求,同 query):千挑万选出来的;重音在第二音节
mediocre/ˌmiːdiˈoʊkər/adj. 平庸的;平平的mediocre grades 平平的成绩;a mediocre performance 平庸的表现;例句:The sequel received mediocre reviews. 续集口碑平平。medi(中间,同 middle):不上不下的中游水平;名词 mediocrity 平庸
inferior/ɪnˈfɪriər/adj. 较差的;下级的inferior to... 劣于……;an inferior product 次品;例句:The copy is clearly inferior to the original. 复制品明显逊于原作。infer(低)+ ior(比较后缀,同 superior);比较介词用 to 不用 than
substandard/ˌsʌbˈstændərd/adj. 低于标准的substandard housing 不达标住房;substandard parts 不合格零件;例句:The recall covered cars built with substandard brakes. 召回涉及刹车不达标的车辆。sub-(低于)+ standard(标准):不够线
defective/dɪˈfektɪv/adj. 有缺陷的a defective product 缺陷产品;defective genes 缺陷基因;例句:The recall covered vehicles with defective airbags. 召回涵盖安全气囊有缺陷的车辆。defect(缺陷)+ -ive;产品召回语境高频
flawed/flɔːd/adj. 有缺陷的;有瑕疵的a flawed argument 有缺陷的论证;fatally flawed 有致命缺陷的;例句:The plan is well-intentioned but flawed. 该计划用心良苦却有缺陷。flaw(瑕疵)的形容词;a flawed masterpiece 有瑕疵的杰作
genuine/ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj. 真正的;真诚的a genuine concern 真诚的关切;genuine leather 真皮;例句:The letter expressed genuine gratitude. 信中表达了真诚的感谢。genu(出生,同 gene 基因):血统纯正的;与 genius 同根
bogus/ˈboʊɡəs/adj. 假冒的;虚假的a bogus claim 虚假主张;bogus credentials 伪造的证书;例句:The site sells bogus diplomas. 该网站售卖假文凭。源自 19 世纪美国俚语"假币铸造机";口语化但阅读常见
fraudulent/ˈfrɔːdʒələnt/adj. 欺诈的;诈骗的fraudulent claims 欺诈性索赔;fraudulent transactions 诈骗交易;例句:The clinic submitted fraudulent bills to insurers. 该诊所向保险公司提交诈骗性账单。fraud(欺诈)的形容词;合规与保险语境高频
counterfeit/ˈkaʊntərfɪt/adj. 伪造的 v. 仿造 n. 赝品counterfeit banknotes 假钞;counterfeit goods 假冒商品;例句:Customs seized a shipment of counterfeit sneakers. 海关查扣一批假冒运动鞋。counter-(相对)+ feit(做):对着原作另做一份
reputable/ˈrepjətəbl/adj. 声誉好的;可靠的a reputable journal 有声誉的期刊;a reputable dealer 信誉良好的商家;例句:Always hire a reputable contractor. 务必雇用信誉良好的承包商。repute(名声)+ -able;名词 reputation 声誉
authoritative/əˈθɔːrəteɪtɪv/adj. 权威性的;命令式的an authoritative source 权威来源;an authoritative tone 发号施令的口吻;例句:The manual remains the authoritative account of the protocol. 该手册仍是该规程的权威记述。authority(权威)的形容词;与 authentic(真实的)辨析
questionable/ˈkwestʃənəbl/adj. 可疑的;成问题的questionable conduct 可疑行为;of questionable value 价值可疑的;例句:The data rests on questionable methods. 该数据基于可疑的方法。question(质疑)+ -able:值得打问号的;比 doubtful 更书面
plausible/ˈplɔːzəbl/adj. 貌似合理的;貌似可信的a plausible explanation 貌似合理的解释;a plausible liar 谎话滴水不漏的人;例句:Her story sounded plausible at first. 她的说法起初听上去可信。plaus(鼓掌,同 applaud):讲得让人想鼓掌;考研语境常含"仅貌似可信"的暗示
misleading/mɪsˈliːdɪŋ/adj. 误导性的misleading advertising 误导性广告;misleading statistics 误导性统计;例句:The chart is technically accurate but misleading. 该图数据无误但有误导性。mislead(误导)的 -ing 形容词;"accurate but misleading"是批判性阅读标配
legitimate/lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/adj. 合法的;正当的a legitimate concern 合理的担忧;a legitimate business 合法生意;例句:Privacy is a legitimate concern here. 隐私在此确属合理顾虑。legitim(法律,同 legal);动词 legitimize 使合法化;重音在第二音节
illicit/ɪˈlɪsɪt/adj. 非法的;违禁的illicit drugs 违禁药品;illicit trade 非法贸易;例句:The port became a hub for illicit trade. 该港口成为非法贸易的枢纽。il-(不)+ licit(合法的,同 license 执照):无照经营
unwarranted/ʌnˈwɔːrəntɪd/adj. 无正当理由的;多余的unwarranted interference 无端干涉;unwarranted optimism 盲目乐观;例句:The fears proved unwarranted. 这些担忧被证明是多余的。un + warrant(正当理由;担保);反义词 warranted(有依据的)
unscrupulous/ʌnˈskruːpjələs/adj. 肆无忌惮的;不择手段的unscrupulous dealers 黑心商人;unscrupulous methods 不择手段;例句:Unscrupulous landlords exploited the loophole. 黑心房东钻了监管漏洞。un + scruple(顾忌):毫无顾忌
principled/ˈprɪnsəpld/adj. 有原则的a principled stand 原则性立场;principled opposition 基于原则的反对;例句:She took a principled stand against the deal. 她基于原则反对该交易。principle(原则)+ -ed;注意与 principal(主要的;校长)拼写区分
upright/ˈʌpraɪt/adj. 正直的;直立的an upright citizen 正派公民;an upright posture 笔直的坐姿;例句:His upright conduct won universal respect. 他正直的品行赢得普遍尊重。up + right(正):立得正、行得正
robust/roʊˈbɑːst/adj. 强健的;稳健的;强劲的a robust economy 强劲的经济;robust growth 稳健增长;a robust debate 激烈的辩论;例句:The findings survived robust peer review. 这些发现经受了严格的同行评议。拉丁 robor(力量,同 corroborate 佐证);"robust conclusion 稳健结论"是统计学术语
resilient/rɪˈzɪliənt/adj. 有韧性的;恢复快的a resilient economy 有韧性的经济;resilient communities 韧性社区;例句:Coral reefs are less resilient than once thought. 珊瑚礁的恢复力低于原先所想。re-(回)+ sili(跳):被打倒能弹回来;名词 resilience 韧性
durable/ˈdʊrəbl/adj. 耐用的;持久的durable goods 耐用品;a durable peace 持久和平;例句:The coating makes the paint more durable. 该涂层使漆面更耐久。dur(持续,同 duration 时长);durable goods(耐用品)是经济学术语
watertight/ˈwɔːtərtaɪt/adj. 无懈可击的;严密无缝的a watertight alibi 无懈可击的不在场证明;a watertight contract 严密合同;例句:The case against him was not watertight. 对他的指控并非无懈可击。water + tight(不透水)→ 连水都渗不进;近义 airtight
intricate/ˈɪntrɪkət/adj. 错综复杂的an intricate network 错综的网络;intricate carvings 精巧的雕刻;例句:The trade deal involves intricate tariff schedules. 该贸易协定涉及繁复的关税细目。in + tric(纠缠,同 trick):纠缠成一团;与 delicate(精细易损)区分
delicate/ˈdelɪkət/adj. 精致的;微妙的;需小心处理的a delicate balance 微妙的平衡;a delicate operation 精细的手术;例句:The negotiations reached a delicate stage. 谈判到了微妙阶段。de + lic(诱人,同 delight):美而易损;"a delicate issue 棘手议题"引申义高频
elegant/ˈelɪɡənt/adj. 优雅的;(方案、代码)简洁优美的an elegant solution 优雅的解法;an elegant proof 简洁的证明;例句:Engineers praised the elegant simplicity of the design. 工程师称赞该设计的简洁之美。elig(挑选):挑出来的好品味;"an elegant proof"是数学写作惯用语
nuanced/ˈnuːɑːnst/adj. 细致入微的a nuanced understanding 细致入微的理解;a nuanced view 有层次的看法;例句:The report offers a nuanced account of both sides. 该报告对双方都作了有层次的呈现。nuance(细微差别)的形容词;正确选项常含 nuanced / mixed 等折中词
stringent/ˈstrɪndʒənt/adj. 严格的;(标准)严苛的stringent safety standards 严苛的安全标准;stringent limits 严格限额;例句:The state imposed stringent limits on emissions. 该州对排放施加严格限制。string(绑紧)→ 勒得紧;多修饰标准、法规,人不直接用
lax/læks/adj. 松懈的;不严格的lax security 松懈的安保;lax enforcement 执法不力;例句:Lax oversight allowed the fraud to continue. 监管松懈使欺诈得以持续。拉丁 laxus(松);与 relax(放松)、laxative(泻药)同根
uncompromising/ʌnˈkɑːmprəmaɪzɪŋ/adj. 不妥协的;强硬的an uncompromising stance 不妥协的立场;uncompromising honesty 毫不含糊的诚实;例句:The regulator took an uncompromising line on risk. 监管机构在风险问题上毫不让步。un + compromise(妥协);多作定语修饰立场、态度
orthodox/ˈɔːrθədɑːks/adj. 正统的;传统的orthodox medicine 传统医学;orthodox views 正统观点;例句:His approach defies orthodox thinking. 他的方法背离正统思维。ortho(正)+ dox(观点);反义 unorthodox(非正统的)
conventional/kənˈvenʃənl/adj. 常规的;传统的conventional weapons 常规武器;conventional wisdom 传统观念;例句:Conventional wisdom holds that inflation erodes savings. 传统观点认为通胀会侵蚀储蓄。convention(惯例)的形容词;conventional wisdom 是阅读高频搭配
superficial/ˌsuːpərˈfɪʃl/adj. 表面的;肤浅的a superficial resemblance 表面相似;superficial knowledge 肤浅的学识;例句:The inspection was rushed and superficial. 检查仓促而流于表面。super(上)+ fic(脸面):只看脸面;副词 superficially(表面上)
unwieldy/ʌnˈwiːldi/adj. 笨重的;难操作的an unwieldy system 臃肿的系统;unwieldy legislation 冗长难用的立法;例句:The app grew unwieldy as features piled up. 功能越堆越多,应用变得臃肿难用。un + wield(操控):难以操控的;工程语境秒懂

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. a watertight alibi
  2. conventional wisdom holds that...
  3. clearly inferior to the original
  4. be well versed in employment law

第 5-7 题:选词填空(counterfeit / resilient / stringent / mediocre,注意正确形式)

  1. Only ______ banknotes pass the ultraviolet test.
  2. The city passed ______ new rules on building safety.
  3. The economy proved more ______ than forecasters expected.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. The veteran engineer is adept ______ locating race conditions in concurrent code.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 这家工厂因使用不达标材料被罚款。(substandard)
  2. 该研究基于有缺陷的假设,其结论具有误导性。(flawed / misleading)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 无懈可击的不在场证明。【考点:形容词搭配与僻义;难度:中;错因提醒:watertight 字面"不透水",引申"严密无缝的";alibi(不在场证明)为法律语境词】
  2. 传统观点认为……。【考点:固定搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:conventional wisdom(传统观念/主流看法)是观点句高频搭配;hold 此处意为"认为"】
  3. 明显逊于原作。【考点:介词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:inferior / superior 表比较用 to,不用 than;the original 指原件、原作】
  4. 精通劳动法。【考点:固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:versed 几乎只用于 be well versed in(精通),整串记忆勿拆分】
  5. counterfeit。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:ultraviolet test(紫外检测)与 banknotes(钞票)锁定"假钞";counterfeit 修饰伪造的货币与商品】
  6. stringent。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:stringent 只修饰标准、法规的"严苛",不形容人;mediocre(平庸的)语义不合】
  7. resilient。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:resilient 形容经济"有韧性、恢复快";more...than forecasters expected 比预测者预想的更……】
  8. at。【考点:介词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:be adept at (doing) sth;同类词 proficient in/at、skilled in/at 一并连记】
  9. The factory was fined for using substandard materials.【考点:汉译英+形容词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:substandard materials(不达标材料);"被罚款"用 be fined for...,fine 此处为动词】
  10. The study is based on flawed assumptions, and its conclusions are misleading.【考点:汉译英+形容词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:be based on flawed assumptions(基于有缺陷的假设);misleading(误导性的)为表语形容词,勿误写动词原形 mislead】