Unit18 国际关系与冲突

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:国际关系与冲突——考研阅读国际时事类文章(外交博弈、地区冲突、国际调停、人道危机等)的骨架词。本单元聚焦外交谈判与军事冲突词汇,制度法律类词汇(diplomacy、treaty、sanction、sovereignty、veto 等)见 Unit06-法律政治与制度,难民(refugee)见 Unit05-社会与文化,核能(nuclear)见 Unit07-环境与能源
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
alliance/əˈlaɪəns/n. 结盟;联盟form an alliance with... 与……结盟;a military alliance 军事同盟;例句:The two countries formed a military alliance during the war. 两国在战争期间结成军事同盟。ally(结盟)+ -ance:结盟的状态;NATO 即军事同盟
ally/ˈælaɪ/n. 盟友;同盟国 v. 结盟a close ally of... ……的亲密盟友;ally oneself with... 与……结盟;例句:The country remained a close ally of its neighbor. 该国一直是其邻国的亲密盟友。名词重音在前 /ˈælaɪ/,动词重音在后 /əˈlaɪ/
ceasefire/ˈsiːsfaɪr/n. 停火(协议)a ceasefire agreement 停火协议;violate the ceasefire 破坏停火;例句:Both sides agreed to a ceasefire monitored by UN observers. 双方同意在联合国观察员监督下停火。cease(停止)+ fire(开火):停止开火
territorial/ˌterəˈtɔːriəl/adj. 领土的;领地的territorial disputes 领土争端;territorial integrity 领土完整;例句:The two states have long-standing territorial disputes over the border. 两国在边界问题上存在长期领土争端。territory(领土)的形容词;动物界 territorial behavior(领地行为)
territory/ˈterətɔːri/n. 领土;版图;领域disputed territory 有争议领土;uncharted territory 未知领域;例句:The island has been Chinese territory for centuries. 该岛数百年来一直是中国领土。terr(地)+ -itory:大地的一角
embargo/ɪmˈbɑːrɡoʊ/n. 禁运(令)v. 禁止贸易an arms embargo 武器禁运;impose an embargo on... 对……实施禁运;例句:The UN imposed an arms embargo on the regime. 联合国对该政权实施武器禁运。西班牙语借词;impose/lift an embargo 固定搭配,介词 on
mediation/ˌmiːdiˈeɪʃn/n. 调解;斡旋under UN mediation 在联合国斡旋下;offer mediation 提出调解;例句:The hostages were freed through international mediation. 人质通过国际斡旋获释。mediate(调解)的名词;mediator(调解人)
mediator/ˈmiːdieɪtər/n. 调解人;中间人act as a mediator 充当调解人;例句:The UN acted as a mediator between the two sides. 联合国在双方之间充当调解人。medi(中间,同 medium)+ -ator:站在中间的人
envoy/ˈenvɔɪ/n. 特使;使节a special envoy 特使;send an envoy to... 派遣使节赴……;例句:The UN sent a special envoy to restart the talks. 联合国派出特使重启谈判。en-(使)+ voy(路):被派上路的人
embassy/ˈembəsi/n. 大使馆;使馆全体人员the Chinese embassy 中国大使馆;embassy staff 使馆人员;例句:Protesters gathered outside the embassy gates. 抗议者聚集在大使馆门外。ambassador(大使)所在的机构;consulate 是领事馆
negotiation/nɪˌɡoʊʃiˈeɪʃn/n. 谈判;协商enter into negotiations 开始谈判;under negotiation 在谈判中;例句:The two sides broke off negotiations last week. 双方上周中断了谈判。常用复数 negotiations;break off(中断)为高频搭配
arbitration/ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃn/n. 仲裁;公断binding arbitration 有约束力的仲裁;go to arbitration 提交仲裁;例句:The dispute was settled through international arbitration. 争端通过国际仲裁得到解决。arbitrate(仲裁)的名词;比 mediation 更具约束力
unilateral/ˌjuːnɪˈlætrəl/adj. 单方面的;单边的unilateral action 单方面行动;a unilateral decision 单方面决定;例句:The move was condemned as a unilateral violation of the agreement. 此举被谴责为单方面违反协议。uni-(单一)+ lateral(边的)
bilateral/baɪˈlætərəl/adj. 双边的;双方的bilateral talks 双边会谈;a bilateral agreement 双边协定;例句:The two leaders held bilateral talks on trade. 两位领导人就贸易举行双边会谈。bi-(两)+ lateral(边的);trilateral(三边的)
multilateral/ˌmʌltiˈlætərəl/adj. 多边的;多国的multilateral cooperation 多边合作;a multilateral treaty 多边条约;例句:Climate change can only be tackled through multilateral cooperation. 气候变化只能通过多边合作应对。multi-(多)+ lateral(边的)
pact/pækt/n. 条约;协定;盟约sign a pact 签订条约;a trade pact 贸易协定;例句:The two countries signed a non-aggression pact. 两国签署了互不侵犯条约。与 package 同根"捆紧";a peace pact(和平条约)
accord/əˈkɔːrd/n. 协议 v. 相符;授予a peace accord 和平协议;in accord with... 与……一致;例句:The peace accord ended a decade of civil war. 这份和平协议结束了十年内战。与 according to 同根;in accord with 为高频搭配
autonomy/ɔːˈtɑːnəmi/n. 自治(权);自主(权)regional autonomy 区域自治;gain autonomy 获得自治权;例句:The region was granted a degree of autonomy. 该地区被授予一定程度的自治权。auto-(自己)+ nomos(法律):自己给自己定法律
annexation/ˌænekˈseɪʃn/n. 吞并;兼并the annexation of territory 吞并领土;例句:The annexation of the region drew international condemnation. 对该地区的吞并招致国际谴责。annex(吞并)的名词;an-(向)+ nex(系):把别人土地"系"过来
invasion/ɪnˈveɪʒn/n. 入侵;侵略;涌入the invasion of... 对……的入侵;an invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私;例句:The invasion triggered a wave of international protests. 这场入侵引发国际抗议浪潮。invade(入侵)的名词;"涌入"义如 an invasion of tourists(游客蜂拥而至)
aggression/əˈɡreʃn/n. 侵略(行为);攻击性an act of aggression 侵略行为;military aggression 军事侵略;例句:Any act of aggression will be met with a firm response. 任何侵略行为都将遭到坚决回击。aggress(进攻)的名词;aggressive 常见义"咄咄逼人的、有进取心的"
retaliation/rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃn/n. 报复;反击in retaliation for... 作为对……的报复;threaten retaliation 威胁报复;例句:The strike was launched in retaliation for the attack. 这次打击是对那次袭击的报复。retaliate(报复)的名词;近义词 revenge(复仇)
provocation/ˌprɑːvəˈkeɪʃn/n. 挑衅;激怒military provocation 军事挑衅;without provocation 无端地;例句:The shelling was seen as a deliberate provocation. 这次炮击被视为蓄意挑衅。provoke(激怒)的名词;pro-(向前)+ voc(喊):冲人叫嚣
warfare/ˈwɔːrfer/n. 战争(状态);作战chemical warfare 化学战;cyber warfare 网络战;例句:Cyber warfare has become a new threat to national security. 网络战已成为国家安全的新威胁。war + fare(状态):战争总称,如 guerrilla warfare(游击战)
coup/kuː/n. 政变;(成功的)妙举stage a military coup 发动军事政变;a coup attempt 政变企图;例句:The president was overthrown in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被推翻。法语借词,读 /kuː/;a major coup 引申"漂亮的一击"
truce/truːs/n. 休战;停战call a truce 宣布停战;break the truce 破坏停战;例句:The rivals called a truce to allow aid in. 交战方宣布停战以便救援物资运入。与 true 同源:暂且"成真"的和平
armistice/ˈɑːrmɪstɪs/n. 停战协定sign an armistice 签署停战协定;例句:The armistice ended the fighting but not the conflict. 停战协定止住了战斗,却未化解冲突。armi(武器)+ stice(止):放下武器的书面协定
disarmament/dɪsˈɑːrməmənt/n. 裁军;解除武装nuclear disarmament 核裁军;a disarmament treaty 裁军条约;例句:The treaty commits both sides to gradual disarmament. 条约要求双方逐步裁军。dis-(去除)+ arm(武装)+ -ament
proliferation/prəˌlɪfəˈreɪʃn/n. 扩散;激增nuclear proliferation 核扩散;the proliferation of weapons 武器扩散;例句:The treaty aims to stop the proliferation of nuclear weapons. 该条约旨在阻止核武器扩散。pro-(向前)+ lifer(生育):不断"生"出;近义 spread
arsenal/ˈɑːrsənl/n. 武器库;(拥有的)武器装备a nuclear arsenal 核武库;reduce one's arsenal 削减武库;例句:The country agreed to cut its nuclear arsenal by a third. 该国同意将核武库削减三分之一。引申"宝库":an arsenal of tools(一大套工具)
troop/truːp/n. 军队;部队(常用复数 troops)withdraw troops 撤军;deploy troops 部署军队;例句:The government announced it would withdraw its troops from the region. 政府宣布将从该地区撤军。troops 表"部队"时无单数意义;a troop of monkeys(一群猴子)
deployment/dɪˈplɔɪmənt/n. 部署;调动the deployment of forces 兵力部署;例句:The deployment of peacekeepers began at dawn. 维和人员的部署黎明时分开始。deploy(部署)的名词;IT 语境 software deployment(软件部署)
withdrawal/wɪðˈdrɔːəl/n. 撤退;撤回;(存款的)提取the withdrawal of troops 撤军;a gradual withdrawal 逐步撤离;例句:Both sides agreed to a gradual withdrawal of forces. 双方同意逐步撤军。withdraw(撤回)的名词;经济语境 cash withdrawal(取现)
occupation/ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃn/n. 占领;职业;消遣military occupation 军事占领;under occupation 在占领之下;例句:The city lived under foreign occupation for four years. 这座城市在外族占领下度过了四年。occupy(占据)的名词;"职业"义常见于表格填写
geopolitical/ˌdʒiːoʊpəˈlɪtɪkl/adj. 地缘政治的geopolitical tensions 地缘政治紧张局势;a geopolitical rival 地缘政治对手;例句:The canal has enormous geopolitical importance. 这条运河具有巨大的地缘政治重要性。geo(地)+ political;名词 geopolitics(地缘政治学)
hegemony/hɪˈdʒeməni/n. 霸权;领导权regional hegemony 区域霸权;challenge sb.'s hegemony 挑战某方霸权;例句:The old colonial hegemony collapsed after the war. 战后旧殖民霸权土崩瓦解。源自希腊语"引领";重音在第二音节
humanitarian/hjuːˌmænɪˈteriən/adj. 人道主义的 n. 人道主义者a humanitarian crisis 人道主义危机;humanitarian aid 人道主义援助;例句:The blockade has caused a severe humanitarian crisis. 封锁造成了严重的人道主义危机。humanity(人类)的形容词分支;与 humanism(人道主义)关联
asylum/əˈsaɪləm/n. 庇护(所);避难seek asylum 寻求庇护;grant asylum to... 给予……庇护;例句:Thousands of refugees sought political asylum in Europe. 数千难民在欧洲寻求政治庇护。seek/grant asylum 固定搭配;political asylum 政治庇护
persecution/ˌpɜːrsɪˈkjuːʃn/n. 迫害religious persecution 宗教迫害;flee persecution 逃离迫害;例句:They fled the country to escape political persecution. 他们为躲避政治迫害而逃离祖国。persecute(迫害)的名词;勿与 prosecution(起诉)混淆
hostage/ˈhɑːstɪdʒ/n. 人质hold sb. hostage 扣押某人为人质;release the hostages 释放人质;例句:The rebels released the last hostages yesterday. 反叛武装昨天释放了最后一批人质。host(客人)+ -age:古时扣"客"为质
extremist/ɪkˈstriːmɪst/n. 极端分子 adj. 极端的a religious extremist 宗教极端分子;extremist groups 极端组织;例句:The attack was blamed on extremists. 这次袭击被归咎于极端分子。extreme(极端)+ -ist;反义 moderate(温和的)
rebel/ˈrebl/n. 反叛者;叛乱分子 v. 反叛rebel forces 反叛武装;rebel against... 反抗……;例句:Rebel forces seized control of the border town. 反叛武装夺取了边境小镇的控制权。名词重音在前 /ˈrebl/,动词重音在后 /rɪˈbel/
uprising/ˈʌpraɪzɪŋ/n. 起义;暴动crush an uprising 镇压起义;an armed uprising 武装暴动;例句:The uprising was crushed within a week. 起义在一周之内被镇压。rise up(奋起)的名词化
insurgent/ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/n. 叛乱分子 adj. 叛乱的insurgent attacks 叛乱分子的袭击;例句:Insurgents attacked a government convoy near the border. 叛乱分子在边境附近袭击了政府车队。in-(进入)+ surg(涌起):从内部涌起的对抗者
deterrence/dɪˈtɜːrəns/n. 威慑;遏制nuclear deterrence 核威慑;as a deterrence against... 作为对……的威慑;例句:The country relies on nuclear deterrence for security. 该国依靠核威慑保障安全。deter(威慑、阻止)的名词;de-(使远离)
peacekeeping/ˈpiːskiːpɪŋ/n. 维和(行动)adj. 维和的peacekeeping forces 维和部队;a UN peacekeeping mission 联合国维和任务;例句:UN peacekeeping forces patrol the buffer zone. 联合国维和部队在缓冲区巡逻。peace + keep + -ing;派生词 peacekeeper(维和人员)
reconciliation/ˌrekənsɪliˈeɪʃn/n. 和解;调和national reconciliation 民族和解;a reconciliation between A and B 甲乙双方的和解;例句:The commission promoted reconciliation between the two communities. 该委员会促进了两个社群之间的和解。reconcile(使和解)的名词;会计语境 bank reconciliation(银行对账)
concession/kənˈseʃn/n. 让步;(特许)经营权make concessions 作出让步;as a concession to... 作为对……的让步;例句:Both sides refused to make concessions at the talks. 双方在谈判中都拒绝让步。concede(让与)的名词;商业语境"特许经营权"
stalemate/ˈsteɪlmeɪt/n. 僵局;僵持reach a stalemate 陷入僵局;break the stalemate 打破僵局;例句:The talks ended in stalemate, with no agreement reached. 谈判以僵局告终,未达成任何协议。源自国际象棋"僵局";与 deadlock 近义
ultimatum/ˌʌltɪˈmeɪtəm/n. 最后通牒issue an ultimatum to... 向……发出最后通牒;例句:The rebels issued an ultimatum: release the prisoners within 48 hours. 反叛武装发出最后通牒:48 小时内释放被押人员。ultimate(最终的)的名词;复数 ultimatums

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. territorial dispute
  2. arms embargo
  3. unilateral withdrawal
  4. peacekeeping forces

第 5-7 题:选词填空(truce / stalemate / ultimatum / mediation,注意正确形式)

  1. After weeks of fierce fighting, the two sides finally agreed to a ______.
  2. Talks collapsed into ______, with neither side willing to make concessions.
  3. The rebels delivered an ______: withdraw within 48 hours or face military action.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. The UN imposed an arms embargo ______ the regime to pressure it into negotiations.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 联合国派遣维和部队监督停火协议的执行。(peacekeeping / ceasefire)
  2. 经过漫长的谈判,双方最终达成和解并签署了和平协议。(reconciliation / accord)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 领土争端。【考点:名词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:territorial 是 territory 的形容词"领土的";dispute 另义"争论、纠纷"】
  2. 武器禁运。【考点:名词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:arms(武器)须用复数;embargo 常与 impose(实施)/lift(解除)搭配,介词用 on】
  3. 单方面撤军。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:unilateral(单边的)对应"单方面的";"撤军"亦可说 the withdrawal of troops】
  4. 维和部队。【考点:名词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:peacekeeping 作定语"维和的";联合国维和人员亦称 UN peacekeepers】
  5. truce。【考点:名词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:agree to a truce(同意停战)中冠词 a 必不可少;勿与 troop(部队)混淆拼写】
  6. stalemate。【考点:名词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:句中 neither side willing to make concessions(互不让步)提示"僵局";勿误选 mediation(调解)】
  7. ultimatum。【考点:名词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:冠词用 an;issue/deliver an ultimatum(发出最后通牒)为固定搭配】
  8. on。【考点:介词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:an embargo on...(对……的禁运)介词 on 固定;impose...on...(把……强加给……)双重提示】
  9. The UN has sent peacekeeping forces to monitor the implementation of the ceasefire agreement.【考点:汉译英+名词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:peacekeeping forces(维和部队)与 ceasefire agreement(停火协议)均用名词作定语;"监督"可用 monitor/oversee】
  10. After long negotiations, the two sides finally achieved reconciliation and signed a peace accord.【考点:汉译英+名词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:reconciliation(和解)与 accord(协议)勿混用;"达成和解"可用 achieve reconciliation;谈判常用复数 negotiations】