Unit12 逻辑连接词

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:逻辑连接词——阅读与写作的"双刃剑"词。在阅读中,它们是命题人设置考点最多的信号词(转折后常是作者真实态度,因果处常考细节推断);在写作中,它们是组织段落、体现逻辑层次的得分工具。本单元按逻辑指向(转折/因果/让步/对比/递进等)归组讲解,例句均模拟考研阅读常见的论证句式
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列中连接词前后的语义关系;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
nevertheless/ˌnevərðəˈles/【转折】adv. 然而;尽管如此句首/句中均可:The evidence is limited; nevertheless, the conclusion is convincing. 证据有限;然而结论令人信服。never + the + less:尽管如此(还是……)
nonetheless/ˌnʌnðəˈles/【转折】adv. 然而;尽管如此例句:The task was daunting; nonetheless, they succeeded. 任务艰巨;但他们还是成功了。none + the + less:与 nevertheless 同义互换,写作避免重复时使用
whereas/ˌwerˈæz/【对比】conj. 然而;鉴于(对比两事物)whereas A..., B...:Older users prefer email, whereas younger ones favor messaging apps. 年长用户偏爱邮件,而年轻用户更喜欢即时通讯。where + as:在"哪里"却"如彼" → 两相对照
while/waɪl/【让步/对比】conj. 虽然;而(同时)While the plan has merits, it also carries risks. 该计划虽有优点,但也有风险。一词三义(当……时/虽然/而),考研最爱考"虽然/而"
although/ɔːlˈðoʊ/【让步】conj. 虽然;尽管Although the data are incomplete, the trend is clear. 虽然数据不完整,但趋势是清楚的。all + though:完全"尽管"
even though—【让步】conj. 即使;尽管(语气强于 although)例句:Even though costs are high, many firms still invest in training. 尽管成本高昂,许多公司仍投资于培训。even(甚至)加强让步语气;不能说 even although
despite/dɪˈspaɪt/【让步】prep. 尽管(后接名词/动名词)despite opposition 尽管有反对;例句:Despite the criticism, the policy continued. 尽管受到批评,该政策仍在推行。de-(向下)+ spit(看):俯视之下仍前行;注意 despite 后不接 of
in spite of—【让步】prep. 尽管(= despite)in spite of the difficulties 尽管有困难;例句:In spite of the delays, the project was completed. 尽管一再延误,项目还是完成了。spite(恶意):顶着"恶意"仍做;含 of,勿与 despite 混
notwithstanding/ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/【让步】prep./adv. 尽管例句:Notwithstanding the objections, the board approved the merger. 尽管有反对意见,董事会仍批准了并购。not + with + standing:不能使之站住脚 → 无碍于
albeit/ˌɔːlˈbiːɪt/【让步】conj. 尽管(常接形容词/介词短语,书面语)例句:The treatment is effective, albeit expensive. 该疗法有效,尽管费用高昂。all + be + it:虽是如此;后面不接完整从句
granted/ˈɡrænɪdɪd/【让步】(句首)诚然;固然Granted, the system is imperfect, but it still works. 诚然,该体系并不完美,但它仍然有效。grant(承认)+ -ed:先承认对方一点,再转折(常与 but 连用)
admittedly/ədˈmɪtɪdli/【让步】adv. 诚然;无可否认地例句:Admittedly, the sample was small; the findings, however, are suggestive. 诚然样本很小,但结果仍具启发性。admit(承认)+ -ted + -ly:作者"先让一步"的信号
paradoxically/ˌpærəˈdɑːksɪkli/【转折/对比】adv. 自相矛盾地;反常地例句:Paradoxically, the abundance of choice often reduces satisfaction. 矛盾的是,选择的丰富常降低满意度。paradox(悖论)+ -ically:看似矛盾却成立
in contrast—【对比】相比之下(对比两个不同事物)例句:In contrast, rural areas saw little growth. 相比之下,农村地区增长甚微。contrast(对比度);后接 to/with sth 更常见
by contrast—【对比】相比之下例句:Online sales soared; offline sales, by contrast, slumped. 线上销售飙升;相比之下,线下销售暴跌。与 in contrast 用法相近,多用于句中插入
on the contrary—【反驳/转折】恰恰相反(否定前述说法)例句:The reform did not fail; on the contrary, it exceeded expectations. 改革并未失败;恰恰相反,它超出了预期。用于推翻刚否定的观点,而非普通对比
conversely/ˈkɑːnvɜːrsli/【对比】adv. 相反地(逻辑上反过来说)例句:Higher trust lowers transaction costs; conversely, distrust raises them. 信任降低交易成本;反之,不信任抬高成本。converse(相反的)+ -ly:把命题反过来讲
instead/ɪnˈsted/【转折】adv. 代替;反而instead of doing... 而不是……;例句:The firm cut prices instead of laying off staff. 公司降价而非裁员。in + stead(地方):占了那个位置 → 取而代之
rather/ˈræðər/【转折】adv. 而是;相当rather... than... 与其……不如……;例句:The goal is to prevent, rather than punish, violations. 目标是预防违规,而非惩罚违规。常与 than 连用;rather than 后接动词原形
therefore/ˈðerfɔːr/【因果】adv. 因此;所以例句:The data are incomplete; therefore, the conclusion remains tentative. 数据不完整,因此结论仍是尝试性的。there + fore:在那(原因)之后 → 于是
thus/ðʌs/【因果】adv. 因此;从而(书面语)thus creating jobs 从而创造就业;例句:Costs fell, thus boosting demand. 成本下降,从而提振了需求。后可接现在分词表结果,是 thus 的高级用法
hence/hens/【因果】adv. 因此;由此hence the importance of... 由此……的重要性;例句:The town lies on a fault line; hence the frequent quakes. 该镇位于断层带上,因此地震频繁。hence 后可直接接名词,比 therefore 更简洁
consequently/ˈkɑːnsəkwentli/【因果】adv. 因此;结果例句:Demand slumped; consequently, prices fell sharply. 需求骤减,结果价格大跌。con-(共同)+ sequ(跟随,同 sequence):随之而来
accordingly/əˈkɔːrdɪŋli/【因果】adv. 因此;相应地例句:The risks were reassessed, and the plan was revised accordingly. 风险得到重新评估,计划也据此修订。according(依照)+ -ly:依照前因 → 相应地
as a result—【因果】因此;结果例句:Funding was cut; as a result, two labs closed. 经费被砍,结果两家实验室关闭。result(结果):明示前因后果
in turn—【递进/承接】转而;相应地;反过来例句:Growth creates jobs, which in turn boosts consumption. 增长创造就业,就业转而又拉动消费。像齿轮"轮到下一个":链式反应的信号
correspondingly/ˌkɔːrˈspɑːndɪŋli/【因果/对比】adv. 相应地;相应地增减例句:Costs rose sharply; budgets were correspondingly reduced. 成本骤升,预算也相应削减。correspond(相对应)+ -ingly
furthermore/ˌfɜːrðərˈmɔːr/【递进】adv. 而且;此外例句:The plan is costly; furthermore, it may be illegal. 该计划耗资巨大,此外还可能违法。further(更进一步)+ more:再进一步
moreover/mɔːrˈoʊvər/【递进】adv. 而且;此外例句:The drug is effective; moreover, it is cheap. 该药有效,而且便宜。more + over:此外还有更多
what's more—【递进】而且;更重要的是例句:The system is faster; what's more, it is safer. 该系统更快,而且更安全。口语化程度略高,写作中与 moreover 互换
in addition—【递进】此外;另外in addition to... 除……之外(还);例句:In addition, the app collects usage data. 此外,该应用还收集使用数据。add(加)的名词化:往上加
besides/bɪˈsaɪdz/【递进】adv. 而且 prep. 除……之外(还)例句:The plan is risky; besides, there is no funding. 该计划有风险,而且没有经费。be + side(在旁边):旁边还有
likewise/ˈlaɪkwaɪz/【递进/类比】adv. 同样地;也例句:The first study was flawed; likewise, the second ignored confounding factors. 第一项研究有缺陷;同样,第二项也忽略了混杂因素。like(相同)+ wise(方式):以相同方式
similarly/ˈsɪmələrli/【类比/递进】adv. 同样地;类似地例句:Similarly, urban schools face staff shortages. 同样,城市学校也面临师资短缺。similar(相似的)+ -ly
equally/ˈiːkwəli/【类比/递进】adv. 同样地;平等地equally important 同样重要的是;例句:Equally, consumers must guard their privacy. 同样,消费者也必须保护自己的隐私。equal(相等的)+ -ly
by the same token—【类比/递进】同理;同样地例句:Rights imply duties; by the same token, freedom implies responsibility. 权利意味着义务;同理,自由意味着责任。token(标志):凭同一"凭证"推知
indeed/ɪnˈdiːd/【递进/强调】adv. 确实;甚至例句:The task is difficult; indeed, it may be impossible. 任务很难,甚至可能无法完成。in + deed(事实):在事实上 → 确实;递进时相当于 in fact
in fact—【转折/强调】事实上;实际上(常修正或强化前文)例句:The change seemed minor; in fact, it transformed the industry. 这一变化看似微小,实际上却改变了整个行业。fact(事实):拿事实说话,常带轻微转折
in effect—【转折/归纳】实际上;实质上例句:The policy, in effect, subsidizes big firms. 该政策实际上是在补贴大企业。effect(效果):就实际效果而言
namely/ˈneɪmli/【解释/列举】adv. 即;也就是例句:Two factors matter, namely cost and speed. 两个因素很关键,即成本和速度。name(命名)+ -ly:点名道来
in other words—【解释/重述】换句话说例句:Prices did not fall; in other words, the policy failed. 价格没有下降;换句话说,政策失败了。换个说法重述,常考对重述句的同义改写
in particular—【强调/聚焦】尤其;特别例句:Young users, in particular, are vulnerable to misinformation. 年轻用户尤其容易受错误信息影响。particular(特定的):聚焦到具体对象
notably/ˈnoʊtəbli/【强调/列举】adv. 尤其;显著地例句:Several countries, notably Japan, face aging populations. 若干国家,尤其是日本,面临人口老龄化。note(注意)+ -ably:值得注意地
above all—【强调/归纳】最重要的是;尤其是例句:The plan requires, above all, patience. 该计划最需要的是耐心。高于一切 → 压倒性地重要
ultimately/ˈʌltɪmətli/【归纳/结论】adv. 最终;归根结底例句:The decision rests, ultimately, with the board. 归根结底,决定权在董事会。ultimate(最终的)+ -ly
in short—【归纳/总结】简言之;总之例句:In short, the benefits outweigh the risks. 简言之,利大于弊。长话短说 → 总结信号
meanwhile/ˈmiːnwaɪl/【时间/承接】adv. 与此同时例句:Costs kept rising; meanwhile, revenues stagnated. 成本不断攀升;与此同时,收入停滞。mean + while:在这段时间里
subsequently/ˈsʌbsɪkwentli/【时间/承接】adv. 随后;后来例句:The drug was approved and subsequently withdrawn. 该药获批后又被撤市。sub-(后)+ sequ(跟随):跟在后面
thereafter/ˌðerˈæftər/【时间/承接】adv. 此后;以后例句:The law took effect; thereafter, violations fell sharply. 法律生效后,违规行为骤减。there + after:从那以后,正式书面语
otherwise/ˈʌðərwaɪz/【转折/条件】adv. 否则;在其他方面 conj. 不然例句:Act now; otherwise, the opportunity will be lost. 立即行动,否则机会将逝去。other + wise(方式):以别的方式(就会……)

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列连接词的逻辑指向与中文意思

  1. notwithstanding
  2. by the same token
  3. on the contrary
  4. granted

第 5-7 题:选词填空(whereas / consequently / nonetheless / in other words,注意正确形式)

  1. Coastal cities attract most investment, ______ inland regions struggle to retain talent.
  2. The sample was small; ______, the researchers urged caution in generalizing the findings.
  3. The tax did not reduce consumption; ______, it shifted spending to untaxed goods.

第 8 题:介词/结构填空

  1. Despite ______ (face) strong opposition, the mayor pushed ahead with the reform.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元连接词)

  1. 诚然,这项技术尚不完美,但它已经显著提高了效率。(admittedly)
  2. 成本下降了,从而使得更多家庭用得起该产品。(thus)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 【让步】尽管、虽然。notwithstanding 是 despite 的正式书面同义词,可放句首或句末。【考点:让步逻辑|难度:中|易错:误当作普通动词理解】
  2. 【类比/递进】同理、同样地。用于由前一命题推出平行的结论。【考点:类比逻辑|难度:难|易错:与 by contrast(对比)方向相反,勿混】
  3. 【反驳/转折】恰恰相反。用于推翻前文刚被否定的说法,而非一般对比。【考点:转折逻辑|难度:中|易错:见 whereas/in contrast 就选"对比",on the contrary 的功能是"翻案"】
  4. 【让步】诚然、固然。常置于句首,先承认对方观点,随后用 but 转折。【考点:让步+转折组合|难度:中|易错:granted 后习惯加逗号,与 but 连用才完整】
  5. whereas。whereas 连接两个并列分句的对比(沿海 vs 内陆)。【考点:对比连词|难度:易|易错:whereas 引导从句,不能用逗号连接两个独立句(需 while/whereas 或 but)】
  6. nonetheless。前文说样本小,后文劝告谨慎:让步后转折,"尽管如此"。【考点:转折副词|难度:中|易错:若填 consequently(因此),因果方向恰好说反】
  7. in other words。后文是对前文的换一种说法(没有减少消费"换句话说"是转移了消费)。【考点:重述逻辑|难度:中|易错:in other words 引出同义改写,不引出新事实】
  8. facing。despite 是介词,后接名词或动名词,不能接句子或动词原形。【考点:介词用法|难度:中|易错:despite 后误接 of 或完整从句】
  9. Admittedly, the technology is far from perfect, but it has already significantly improved efficiency.(admittedly 常与 but 搭配构成"先让步后转折")
  10. Costs fell, thus making the product affordable to more families.(thus + 现在分词表结果;亦可写 and thus the product became affordable to more families)