Unit25 体育与竞技

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:体育与竞技——考研阅读体育类文章(赛事报道、体育产业、全民健身、竞技精神)的骨架词。本单元聚焦竞技与运动词汇,身体健康类词汇见 Unit31-身体与健康生活方式,饮食营养类词汇见 Unit17-农业与饮食
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
athlete/ˈæθliːt/n. 运动员a professional athlete 职业运动员;an elite athlete 顶尖运动员;例句:Top athletes train for years to reach peak performance. 顶尖运动员要训练多年才能达到巅峰状态。athl(竞赛,同 athletics)+ -ete:参赛之人;重音在第一音节
athletics/æθˈletɪks/n. 田径运动;(总称)体育运动track and field athletics 田径运动;例句:She teaches athletics at a local college. 她在当地一所学院教田径。athlete 的学科名词;英式用法单指"田径",谓语用单数
tournament/ˈtʊrnəmənt/n. 锦标赛;联赛host a tournament 主办锦标赛;a knockout tournament 淘汰制锦标赛;例句:The city will host an international tennis tournament next month. 该市下月将主办一项国际网球锦标赛。tourne(回旋)+ -ment:源自中世纪骑士轮流上阵的马上比武
championship/ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/n. 冠军(称号);锦标赛win the championship 夺冠;the world championships 世界锦标赛;例句:The team won its first national championship in a decade. 该队十年来首次夺得全国冠军。champion(冠军)+ -ship(身份);复数常指"锦标赛"
league/liːɡ/n. 联赛;联盟;档次a major league game 大联盟比赛;finish at the bottom of the league 排名联赛垫底;例句:The two clubs play in the same league. 两家俱乐部参加同一联赛。out of one's league 引申"高攀不上";in league with 则指"与……勾结"
rival/ˈraɪvl/n. 对手;竞争者 v. 与……相匹敌a rival team 对手球队;rival... in quality 在质量上与……匹敌;例句:The two companies are bitter rivals in the smartphone market. 这两家公司在智能手机市场是死对头。拉丁语 rivalis"共用一条河的邻居"→ 争水源者
rivalry/ˈraɪvlri/n. 竞争;对抗a fierce rivalry 激烈的对抗;a friendly rivalry 良性竞争;例句:The rivalry between the two clubs dates back a century. 两家俱乐部间的对抗可追溯到一个世纪前。rival + -ry(名词后缀,表状态);a rivalry between A and B
compete/kəmˈpiːt/v. 竞争;参赛compete with/against... 与……竞争;compete for a prize 争夺奖项;例句:Athletes from forty countries will compete in the Games. 来自四十个国家的运动员将参加本次运动会。com-(共同)+ pete(追求):共同追逐同一目标
competition/ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃn/n. 竞争(不可数);比赛(可数)fierce competition 激烈竞争;be in competition with... 与……竞争;例句:The sport faces growing competition from e-sports. 这项运动面临电竞日益激烈的竞争。compete 的名词;注意"竞争"义不可数
competitor/kəmˈpetɪtər/n. 竞争者;参赛选手a leading competitor 领先的选手;例句:Each competitor must wear a race number. 每位参赛者必须佩戴号码布。compete + -itor(人);商业语境指"同业竞争者"
competitive/kəmˈpetətɪv/adj. 竞争的;有竞争力的;好胜的a competitive match 势均力敌的比赛;highly competitive prices 极具竞争力的价格;例句:She has a competitive streak and hates losing. 她生性好胜,讨厌输。compete + -itive;考研高频引申"(价格/报价)有竞争力的"
contest/ˈkɑːntest/ n. /kənˈtest/ v.n. 比赛;竞争 v. 争夺;质疑a talent contest 才艺比赛;contest a decision 对裁决提出异议;例句:She won the national speech contest. 她赢得了全国演讲比赛。名词重音在前、动词重音在后(同 record);动词僻义"对……提出异议"
spectator/ˈspekteɪtər/n. 观众;旁观者thousands of spectators 数千名观众;spectator sports 观赏性运动;例句:Thousands of spectators lined the route of the marathon. 数千名观众站在马拉松赛道两旁。spect(看,同 inspect)+ -ator:看比赛之人
referee/ˌrefəˈriː/n. 裁判员 v. 担任裁判the referee's decision 裁判的判罚;referee a match 执法一场比赛;例句:The referee blew the whistle for a foul. 裁判鸣哨判罚犯规。refer(提交裁决)+ -ee(被动者):被请来裁决之人
umpire/ˈʌmpaɪər/n. (棒球、网球、板球)裁判the home plate umpire 本垒裁判;例句:The umpire called the ball out. 裁判判球出界。与 referee 分工:足球/篮球用 referee,棒球/网球用 umpire
marathon/ˈmærəθɑːn/n. 马拉松;耗时持久的活动run a marathon 跑马拉松;a marathon negotiation 马拉松式谈判;例句:He finished the city marathon in under three hours. 他以不到三小时的成绩跑完城市马拉松。源自希腊地名 Marathon;引申义"持久战"为评论文章常用
sprint/sprɪnt/n. 短跑 v. 冲刺the 100-meter sprint 百米短跑;sprint to the finish 冲向终点;例句:He overtook the leader in the final sprint. 他在最后冲刺时超过了领先者。与 marathon 相对:短距离爆发跑
relay/ˈriːleɪ/n. 接力赛;中继传送 v. 转播;转达a relay race 接力赛;relay a message 传达信息;例句:The women's team set a record in the 4×100 relay. 女子队打破了 4×100 接力赛纪录。re-(回)+ lay(放):一棒一棒传下去;动词"转达"高频
endurance/ɪnˈdʊrəns/n. 耐力;持久力an endurance test 耐力测试;test one's endurance 考验耐力;例句:Long-distance cycling builds exceptional endurance. 长途骑行能锻炼出色的耐力。en-(使)+ dur(持久,同 durable):撑得久的能力
stamina/ˈstæmɪnə/n. 体力;耐力build up stamina 增强体力;例句:Boxing demands both strength and stamina. 拳击既需要力量也需要耐力。不可数名词;源自"生命之线"(命运的线撑得越久命越长)
agility/əˈdʒɪləti/n. 敏捷;灵活physical agility 身体灵活;mental agility 思维敏捷;例句:Gymnasts need extraordinary agility and balance. 体操运动员需要超凡的敏捷性与平衡感。agile(敏捷的)+ -ity;"思维敏捷"为考研常见引申
prowess/ˈpraʊəs/n. 高超本领;精湛技艺athletic prowess 运动才能;military prowess 军事才能;例句:Fans admired the young striker's goal-scoring prowess. 球迷们赞叹这位年轻前锋的进球本领。prow(勇敢的)+ -ess;抽象不可数,多接 of 短语
gymnastics/dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/n. 体操do gymnastics 练体操;rhythmic gymnastics 艺术体操;例句:She took up gymnastics at the age of six. 她六岁开始练体操。gymn(裸体)+ astics:古希腊人裸体训练而得名
gymnast/ˈdʒɪmnæst/n. 体操运动员an Olympic gymnast 奥运体操选手;例句:The gymnast stuck the landing after a difficult routine. 这位体操运动员完成高难度成套动作后稳稳落地。gymnastics + -ist(从业者)
Olympics/əˈlɪmpɪks/n. 奥林匹克运动会the Winter Olympics 冬奥会;host the Olympics 主办奥运会;例句:The city is bidding to host the 2036 Olympics. 该市正申办 2036 年奥运会。Olympus(奥林匹斯山)+ -ic:源自献给宙斯的古希腊竞技会
medal/ˈmedl/n. 奖牌;勋章win a gold medal 夺得金牌;a bronze medal 铜牌;例句:She won a silver medal in the 200 meters. 她在 200 米项目中摘得银牌。与 metal(金属)一字母之差:奖牌本为金属所制
podium/ˈpoʊdiəm/n. 领奖台;讲台finish on the podium 站上领奖台;at the podium 在台上;例句:The swimmer topped the podium three times at the meet. 这名泳将在本次赛事中三次站上最高领奖台。pod(脚)+ ium:原指"放脚的台子"
underdog/ˈʌndərdɔːɡ/n. 处于劣势的一方;不被看好者root for the underdog 为弱队加油;例句:The team entered the final as the underdog but won it all. 该队以不被看好的身份进入决赛,却最终夺冠。under(在下)+ dog:斗狗中处于下方的一方
upset/ʌpˈset/ v. /ˈʌpset/ n.v. 打乱;使心烦 n. 爆冷 adj. 难过的an upset victory 爆冷取胜;be upset about... 对……感到难过;例句:The minnows pulled off a huge upset against the champions. 鱼腩球队爆大冷击败了卫冕冠军。up + set(掀翻在地);一词多义,真题考过"肠胃不适"义
playoff/ˈpleɪɔːf/n. 季后赛;(决胜)附加赛make the playoffs 打进季后赛;a playoff spot 季后赛席位;例句:The team clinched a playoff spot on the last day of the season. 该队在赛季最后一天锁定季后赛席位。play + off:常规赛后加赛决出总冠军
semifinal/ˌsemiˈfaɪnl/n. 半决赛reach the semifinal 打进半决赛;a semifinal defeat 半决赛失利;例句:She lost a tight semifinal in straight sets. 她连输两盘惜败于半决赛。semi(半)+ final(决赛)
finalist/ˈfaɪnəlɪst/n. 决赛选手;入围者a Grand Slam finalist 大满贯决赛选手;例句:Both finalists broke the stadium record. 两位决赛选手都打破了该体育场的纪录。final + -ist(人);选秀类节目语境指"入围决赛者"
qualifying/ˈkwɑːlɪfaɪɪŋ/n. 资格赛;预选赛 adj. 资格的a qualifying match 资格赛;qualifying rounds 预选赛阶段;例句:The team cleared the qualifying rounds for the World Cup. 该队闯过了世界杯预选赛。qualify(取得资格)的现在分词转用作名词/形容词
defeat/dɪˈfiːt/v. 击败 n. 失败defeat the defending champions 击败卫冕冠军;admit defeat 承认失败;例句:The champions were defeated in the quarterfinals. 卫冕冠军在四分之一决赛中被击败。de-(打散)+ feat(作为,同 feat 功绩):瓦解对方的作为
triumph/ˈtraɪʌmf/n. 胜利;典范 v. 获胜a triumph over adversity 战胜逆境;triumph over... 战胜……;例句:Her comeback was widely seen as a triumph of willpower. 她的复出被普遍视为意志力的胜利。原指古罗马将军的"凯旋式";a triumph of... "……的胜利"
victory/ˈvɪktəri/n. 胜利a narrow victory 险胜;victory over... 战胜……;例句:The team celebrated its first away victory of the season. 球队庆祝本赛季首场客场胜利。vict(征服,同 invincible)+ -ory
tie/taɪ/n. 平局;领带;联系 v. 打平;系end in a tie 以平局收场;tie the game 扳平比分;例句:The match ended in a 2-2 tie. 比赛以 2 比 2 的平局结束。一词多义"系/打平/领带/联系",动词 tie...to 真题常考
elimination/ɪˌlɪmɪˈneɪʃn/n. 淘汰;消除elimination round 淘汰赛;the elimination of errors 消除差错;例句:The team suffered elimination in the group stage. 该队在小组赛阶段惨遭淘汰。e-(出)+ limin(门槛,同 limit):扔出门外
doping/ˈdoʊpɪŋ/n. 使用兴奋剂doping tests 兴奋剂检测;anti-doping rules 反兴奋剂规定;例句:The runner received a four-year ban for doping. 这名跑步运动员因使用兴奋剂被禁赛四年。dope(麻醉剂)+ -ing;反义合成词 anti-doping 高频
amateur/ˈæmətər/n. 业余爱好者 adj. 业余的an amateur league 业余联赛;an amateur photographer 业余摄影爱好者;例句:The Games were once open only to amateur athletes. 奥运会曾一度只允许业余选手参加。源自拉丁语 amator"爱好者"(词根 am 爱,同 amorous)
coach/koʊtʃ/n. 教练;长途汽车 v. 辅导;训练a head coach 主教练;coach a team 执教球队;例句:The head coach rebuilt the team around young players. 主教练围绕年轻球员重建了球队。原指匈牙利村庄 Kocs 所产四轮马车→长途汽车→"把人载到目标"的人
workout/ˈwɜːrkaʊt/n. 锻炼;训练a tough workout 高强度训练;do a daily workout 每天锻炼;例句:A 30-minute workout three times a week keeps him fit. 每周三次半小时的锻炼让他保持健康。work + out:把身体"练透";动词短语 work out 名词化
fitness/ˈfɪtnəs/n. 健康(状况);健身physical fitness 身体素质;a fitness center 健身中心;例句:Regular exercise improves overall fitness. 经常锻炼能改善整体健康水平。fit(健康的)+ -ness;复合词 fitness tracker(运动手环)常见
sportsmanship/ˈspɔːrtsmənʃɪp/n. 体育精神display good sportsmanship 展现良好的体育精神;例句:The award honors outstanding sportsmanship. 该奖项表彰杰出的体育精神。sports + man + -ship(品格):赢不骄、输得起的风度
rookie/ˈrʊki/n. 新秀;新手a rookie season 新秀赛季;a rookie mistake 新手常犯的错误;例句:The rookie scored twenty goals in his first season. 这名新秀首个赛季就打入二十球。源自 recruit(新兵)的口语变体
comeback/ˈkʌmbæk/n. 复出;东山再起stage a comeback 上演复出;a remarkable comeback 惊人的翻盘;例句:The veteran staged a comeback after two years out injured. 这位老将伤停两年后复出。come + back:卷土重来;动词 stage a comeback 固定搭配
cheer/tʃɪr/v. 欢呼;为……加油 n. 欢呼cheer the team on 为球队呐喊助威;例句:The crowd cheered as the runners entered the stadium. 跑步选手进入体育场时人群欢呼起来。cheer sb on(为某人加油);名词复数 cheers 亦为祝酒辞
fan/fæn/n. 球迷;影迷;风扇 v. 扇;煽动a devoted fan 铁杆球迷;fan the flames 煽风点火;例句:Thousands of fans packed the arena for the final. 数千名球迷涌入体育馆观看决赛。fanatic(狂热者)的缩略;僻义"扇形展开"真题考过
blowout/ˈbloʊaʊt/n. 一边倒的大胜;(轮胎)爆裂a 5-0 blowout 5 比 0 的大胜;例句:The final turned into a blowout, 42-13. 决赛成了一边倒的比赛,42 比 13。blow + out:把对手"吹熄";无连字符,注意与 blow out 动词短语区分
streak/striːk/n. 连胜(连败);一段时期a winning streak 连胜;be on a hot streak 状态火热;例句:The team extended its winning streak to fifteen games. 球队将连胜纪录扩大到十五场。原义"条纹"→ 连成一条线的行为轨迹

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. pull off a huge upset
  2. stage a remarkable comeback
  3. a fierce rivalry between the two clubs
  4. root for the underdog

第 5-7 题:选词填空(referee / endurance / doping / podium,注意正确形式)

  1. The ______ blew the whistle and pointed to the penalty spot.
  2. Marathon running demands ______ rather than raw speed.
  3. The sprinter received a four-year ban after failing a ______ test.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. Athletes from over sixty countries will compete ______ the title next summer.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 这位年轻选手击败了卫冕冠军,爆出本届赛事最大冷门。(defeat / defending champion / upset)
  2. 数千名观众为处于劣势的一方欢呼,但强队最终以一场大胜收场。(spectator / underdog / blowout)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 爆出大冷门。【考点:动词搭配与名词僻义;难度:中;错因提醒:upset 此处为名词"爆冷",勿理解为"难过";pull off 意为"(艰难)实现"】
  2. 上演一次惊人的复出(翻盘)。【考点:动词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:stage a comeback 为固定搭配,comeback 一词写死,勿拆成 come back】
  3. 两家俱乐部之间激烈的对抗。【考点:名词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:rivalry 后接 between A and B,指长期性竞争关系】
  4. 为不被看好的一方加油。【考点:名词释义与习语;难度:中;错因提醒:underdog 指"处于劣势的一方",勿直译为"下面的狗";root for 意为"支持、声援"】
  5. referee。【考点:名词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:whistle(哨声)与 penalty spot(点球点)提示执法者,选 referee 而非 umpire(多用于棒球、网球)】
  6. endurance。【考点:名词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:与 raw speed(绝对速度)相对的是"耐力"endurance;stamina 侧体力,此处由 rather than 结构锁定 endurance】
  7. doping。【考点:名词固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:doping test 兴奋剂检测;ban 此处为名词"禁赛",receive a four-year ban 常见搭配】
  8. for。【考点:介词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:compete for...(为争夺……而竞争),compete in + 赛事、compete with/against + 对手,注意介词分工】
  9. The young player defeated the defending champion in the biggest upset of the tournament.【考点:汉译英+名词僻义;难度:中;错因提醒:defending champion(卫冕冠军)用 defend 的现在分词,勿误写为 defeating;"爆冷"用 upset 名词,in the biggest upset of... 表"本届最大冷门"】
  10. Thousands of spectators cheered for the underdog, but the stronger team ended the final with a blowout.【考点:汉译英+数量表达;难度:中;错因提醒:spectator 可数,"数千名"用 thousands of spectators;"为……加油"用 cheer for sb / cheer sb on;"以一场大胜收场"亦可译作 ended in a blowout】