| congestion | /kənˈdʒestʃən/ | n. 拥堵;拥挤 | traffic congestion 交通拥堵;ease congestion 缓解拥堵;例句:The city charges a fee to reduce traffic congestion. 该市收取拥堵费以缓解交通拥堵。 | con-(共同)+ gest(运送):都挤到一起 |
| congested | /kənˈdʒestɪd/ | adj. 拥堵的;拥挤的 | a congested road 拥堵的道路;例句:Commuters waste hours on congested highways. 通勤者在拥堵的高速公路上浪费数小时。 | congestion 的形容词形式 |
| commute | /kəˈmjuːt/ | v. 通勤 n. 通勤路程 | commute to work 通勤上班;a long commute 漫长的通勤;例句:She commutes to the office by subway. 她乘地铁通勤上班。 | com-(共同)+ mut(变换):每天变换于两地之间 |
| commuter | /kəˈmjuːtər/ | n. 通勤者 | commuter rush 通勤高峰;例句:The trains are packed with commuters at rush hour. 高峰时段火车上挤满通勤者。 | commute + -er:通勤之人 |
| transit | /ˈtrænzɪt/ | n. 运输;公共交通 | public transit 公共交通;a mass transit system 大运量公交系统;例句:The city is expanding its public transit network. 该市正在扩展公共交通网络。 | trans-(穿过)+ it(走):从一处走到另一处 |
| pedestrian | /pəˈdestriən/ | n. 行人 adj. 行人的;平淡无奇的 | a pedestrian crossing 人行横道;pedestrian streets 步行街;例句:The old town is closed to cars and open only to pedestrians. 老城区禁止汽车通行,只对行人开放。 | ped(脚,同 pedal)+ estrian:用脚走路的人 |
| municipal | /mjuːˈnɪsɪpl/ | adj. 市政的;市的 | municipal services 市政服务;the municipal government 市政府;例句:Municipal authorities plan to build more bike lanes. 市政当局计划修建更多自行车道。 | muni(公务)+ cipal:与城市公务相关的 |
| metropolis | /məˈtrɑːpəlɪs/ | n. 大都市 | a bustling metropolis 繁华的大都市;例句:Shanghai has grown into a global metropolis. 上海已成长为国际化大都市。 | metro(母亲城)+ polis(城):母城派生出的核心城市 |
| megacity | /ˈmeɡəsiːti/ | n. 特大城市(人口超千万) | an expanding megacity 不断扩张的特大城市;例句:Megacities face enormous pressure on housing and water. 特大城市在住房与用水方面面临巨大压力。 | mega-(巨大)+ city:巨型城市 |
| residential | /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ | adj. 居住的;住宅区的 | a residential area 住宅区;例句:The factory was moved away from residential areas. 工厂被迁离了住宅区。 | resid(居住,同 reside)+ -ential:供人居住的 |
| relocate | /ˌriːˈloʊkeɪt/ | v. 搬迁;重新安置 | relocate to another city 搬到另一座城市;例句:The company relocated its headquarters to Shenzhen. 该公司把总部搬到了深圳。 | re-(重新)+ locate(定位):重新安放位置 |
| relocation | /ˌriːloʊˈkeɪʃn/ | n. 搬迁;安置 | the relocation of residents 居民搬迁;例句:Villagers received compensation for their relocation. 村民因搬迁获得了补偿。 | relocate 的名词形式 |
| density | /ˈdensəti/ | n. 密度 | population density 人口密度;high-density housing 高密度住宅;例句:High population density strains public services. 高人口密度使公共服务不堪重负。 | dense(密集的)+ -ity |
| overcrowding | /ˌoʊvərˈkraʊdɪŋ/ | n. 过度拥挤 | ease overcrowding 缓解过度拥挤;例句:Overcrowding in prisons has become a serious problem. 监狱过度拥挤已成严重问题。 | over-(过度)+ crowd(拥挤)+ -ing |
| sprawl | /sprɔːl/ | n./v. 蔓延;(城市的)无序扩张 | urban sprawl 城市无序扩张;例句:Urban sprawl eats up farmland around the city. 城市无序扩张吞噬着城市周围的农田。 | "摊大饼"式的蔓延,urban sprawl 为固定搭配 |
| district | /ˈdɪstrɪkt/ | n. 区;地区;区域 | a business district 商业区;school districts 学区;例句:They live in the historic district of the city. 他们住在该市的历史街区。 | 与 distinguish(区分)同根:被划分出来的一片 |
| downtown | /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ | n./adj. 市中心(的) adv. 往市中心 | downtown traffic 市中心交通;例句:Parking downtown is expensive and scarce. 市中心停车昂贵又难找。 | 美式英语中 down- 指"进城方向" |
| housing | /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ | n. 住房;住房供给 | affordable housing 经济适用房;housing shortage 住房短缺;例句:The government is under pressure to provide affordable housing. 政府面临提供经济适用房的压力。 | hous(e) + -ing:住房问题整体 |
| sanitation | /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ | n. 公共卫生;卫生设施 | poor sanitation 卫生条件差;例句:Rapid urbanization outpaced sanitation systems. 快速城市化使卫生系统不堪重负。 | sanit(健康,同 sane)+ -ation:使保持健康 |
| sewage | /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ | n. 污水;下水道污水 | sewage treatment 污水处理;a sewage system 排污系统;例句:Raw sewage was discharged into the river. 未经处理的污水被排入河中。 | 与 sewer(下水道)同族,sew-(排水) |
| slum | /slʌm/ | n. 贫民窟 | slum dwellers 贫民窟居民;例句:Millions of migrants end up living in slums. 数百万外来者最终住进了贫民窟。 | 音短意重,urban poor 的具象化 |
| gentrification | /ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ | n. 士绅化(旧城区改造后房价上涨、原住民被迫迁出) | resist gentrification 抵制士绅化;例句:Gentrification has pushed longtime residents out of the neighborhood. 士绅化把老居民挤出了社区。 | gentry(绅士阶层)+ -fication:绅士们搬进来了 |
| renovation | /ˌrenəˈveɪʃn/ | n. 翻新;修复 | urban renovation 旧城改造;例句:The old market was closed for renovation. 老市场因翻新而关闭。 | re-(再)+ nov(新,同 novel):使之再新 |
| demolition | /ˌdeməˈlɪʃn/ | n. 拆除;拆毁 | the demolition of old buildings 拆除旧建筑;例句:The demolition of the stadium began last week. 体育场的拆除上周启动。 | demolish(拆除)的名词;de-(去除)+ mol(建):拆掉建筑 |
| amenity | /əˈmiːnəti/ | n. 便利设施(常用复数 amenities) | public amenities 公共设施;例句:New residents are drawn by the area's modern amenities. 现代化的便利设施吸引了新居民入住该地区。 | amen(令人愉快)+ -ity:让人舒适的东西 |
| mobility | /moʊˈbɪləti/ | n. 移动能力;流动性 | urban mobility 城市出行;social mobility 社会流动性;例句:Bike-sharing improves urban mobility at low cost. 共享单车以低成本改善了城市出行。 | mobil(移动,同 mobile)+ -ity |
| accessibility | /əkˌsesəˈbɪləti/ | n. 可达性;无障碍性 | improve accessibility to public transport 改善公共交通的可达性;例句:The new stations greatly improve accessibility for disabled riders. 新车站极大改善了残障乘客的出行便利。 | access(进入)+ -ibility:能被到达的程度 |
| vehicle | /ˈviːəkl/ | n. 交通工具;车辆;媒介 | electric vehicles 电动汽车;private vehicles 私家车;例句:Electric vehicles are reshaping the auto industry. 电动汽车正在重塑汽车业。 | veh(运载,同 vector):承载人或物的东西 |
| traffic | /ˈtræfɪk/ | n. 交通;交通量 | heavy traffic 繁忙的交通;traffic flow 交通流量;例句:Traffic slows to a crawl during the evening peak. 晚高峰时车流缓慢如爬行。 | 不可数名词,a traffic jam(交通堵塞)要加冠词的是 jam |
| highway | /ˈhaɪweɪ/ | n. 公路;大路 | highway construction 公路建设;例句:The new highway cuts travel time in half. 新公路使通行时间缩短一半。 | high(高)+ way(路):高架快捷之路 |
| expressway | /ɪkˈspresweɪ/ | n. 高速公路 | an eight-lane expressway 八车道高速公路;例句:Trucks are banned from the expressway during rush hours. 高峰时段货车禁止驶入高速公路。 | express(快速)+ way:供快速通行的路 |
| metro | /ˈmetroʊ/ | n. 地铁 | the metro system 地铁系统;例句:Most office workers take the metro to work. 大多数上班族乘地铁上班。 | metropolis(大都市)的缩略:大都市的标志 |
| subway | /ˈsʌbweɪ/ | n. 地铁 | a subway station 地铁站;例句:The subway is the cheapest way across the city. 地铁是横穿市区最便宜的方式。 | sub-(下)+ way(路):地下的路 |
| railway | /ˈreɪlweɪ/ | n. 铁路;铁道系统 | a high-speed railway 高铁;例句:The new railway links the two provincial capitals. 新铁路连接了两座省会城市。 | rail(铁轨)+ way:铺铁轨的路 |
| terminal | /ˈtɜːrmɪnl/ | n. 交通枢纽站;航站楼;终点站 adj. 末端的 | an airport terminal 机场航站楼;a bus terminal 公交枢纽;例句:The new terminal can handle 80 million passengers a year. 新航站楼每年可接待八千万旅客。 | termin(终点,同 terminate):线路的终点 |
| fare | /fer/ | n. 车费;票价 | bus fares 公交车费;fare increases 票价上涨;例句:Lower fares encourage more people to use public transit. 更低的票价鼓励更多人乘坐公共交通。 | 与 fair(公平)同音不同义 |
| toll | /toʊl/ | n. 通行费 v.(缓慢)损害;收费 | road tolls 道路通行费;take a heavy toll on... 对……造成严重损害;例句:Congestion charges are tolls collected in busy downtown areas. 拥堵费是在市中心繁忙区域收取的通行费。 | 短元音 /oʊ/;take a toll on 为高频搭配 |
| parking | /ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/ | n. 停车;停车位 | parking spaces 停车位;parking fines 违停罚款;例句:Downtown parking costs more than the fuel for the trip. 市中心停车费比此行油费还贵。 | park + -ing:由"停车"到"停车位" |
| carpool | /ˈkɑːrpuːl/ | v./n. 拼车;合伙用车 | carpool lanes 合乘车道;例句:Colleagues carpool to save money and reduce traffic. 同事们拼车省钱并缓解交通。 | car(车)+ pool(池):把几人的出行"汇成一池" |
| cyclist | /ˈsaɪklɪst/ | n. 骑自行车的人 | protected lanes for cyclists 自行车专用道;例句:The city built protected lanes to keep cyclists safe. 该市修建了专用道保障骑行者安全。 | cycle(骑车)+ -ist:骑车之人 |
| lane | /leɪn/ | n. 车道;小巷 | a bike lane 自行车道;bus lanes 公交专用道;例句:Cars are fined for driving in bus lanes. 机动车驶入公交专用道会被罚款。 | 区别 line(线):lane 是有宽度的"道" |
| sidewalk | /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ | n. 人行道 | a crowded sidewalk 拥挤的人行道;例句:Vendors have taken over half the sidewalk. 小贩占去了人行道的一半。 | side(旁边)+ walk(走):旁边供人走的路 |
| intersection | /ˌɪntərˈsekʃn/ | n. 十字路口;交叉点 | a busy intersection 繁忙的路口;例句:The new overpass separates pedestrians from the busy intersection. 新天桥把行人与繁忙路口隔开。 | inter-(相互)+ sect(切,同 section):道路互相切割之处 |
| bottleneck | /ˈbɑːtlnek/ | n. 瓶颈;拥堵路段 | a traffic bottleneck 交通瓶颈;例句:The old bridge remains a bottleneck for commuters. 老桥仍是通勤者的瓶颈路段。 | 瓶子的颈部——水流(车流)最窄处 |
| gridlock | /ˈɡrɪdlɑːk/ | n. 交通全面堵塞;僵局 | political gridlock 政治僵局;例句:The accident caused total gridlock in the city center. 事故导致市中心交通彻底瘫痪。 | grid(网格)+ lock(锁死):路网被锁住 |
| shuttle | /ˈʃʌtl/ | n. 穿梭班车;航天飞机 v. 穿梭往返 | a free shuttle bus 免费穿梭巴士;例句:A shuttle bus runs between the campus and the station. 穿梭巴士往返于校园和车站之间。 | shutt(掷梭)+ -le:像织布梭一样来回 |
| ferry | /ˈferi/ | n. 渡轮 v. 渡运 | take the ferry across the bay 乘渡轮过湾;例句:The ferry carries commuters across the strait every morning. 渡轮每天清晨载着通勤者渡过海峡。 | 与 carry 同源:承载运送 |
| freight | /freɪt/ | n. 货物;货运 | freight costs 运费;a freight train 货运列车;例句:Most heavy freight moves by rail rather than by truck. 大多数重货靠铁路而非卡车运输。 | 区别 flight(飞行):一字母之差 |
| cargo | /ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/ | n. (船、飞机、车辆装载的)货物 | a cargo ship 货船;cargo containers 集装箱;例句:The port handles record volumes of cargo each year. 该港口每年处理的货物量创纪录。 | car(车)+ go:车运走的东西 |
| logistics | /ləˈdʒɪstɪks/ | n. 物流;后勤 | a logistics hub 物流枢纽;例句:The city's location makes it a natural logistics hub. 该市的地理位置使其成为天然的物流枢纽。 | 原为军事"后勤学",引申为货物流转组织 |