Unit31 身体与健康生活方式

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:身体与健康生活方式——考研阅读健康新知类文章(久坐危害、健身营养、睡眠恢复、肠道科学)的骨架词。疾病医疗与心理词汇见 Unit08-医疗与心理,饮食营养类词汇(calorie、protein、vitamin 等)见 Unit17-农业与饮食,竞技体能词(endurance、stamina、fitness)见 Unit25-体育与竞技
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
posture/ˈpɑːstʃər/n. 姿势;体态;(处事)态度maintain good posture 保持良好姿势;an upright posture 挺直的坐姿;例句:Poor posture at the desk strains the spine. 伏案姿势不良会使脊柱受压。post(放置)+ -ure:身体摆放的样子;僻义"态度"(posture of defiance)偶见
metabolism/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/n. 新陈代谢a slow metabolism 慢代谢;boost your metabolism 提升代谢;例句:Muscle mass raises your resting metabolism. 肌肉量会提高静息代谢。meta(变化)+ bol(抛):体内不断"抛换"的过程;metabolic adj. 代谢的
sedentary/ˈsednteri/adj. 久坐的;(工作)案头的a sedentary job 久坐的工作;a sedentary lifestyle 久坐的生活方式;例句:Sedentary jobs raise the risk of heart disease. 久坐的工作增加患心脏病的风险。sed(坐,同 sediment 沉积物):坐下去不动的;与 lifestyle 搭配高频
hydration/haɪˈdreɪʃn/n. 补水;水合(作用)proper hydration 充分补水;stay hydrated 保持体内水分;例句:Proper hydration improves concentration. 补水充足能改善注意力。hydra(水,同 dehydrate 脱水);-tion 名词化
physique/fɪˈziːk/n. 体格;体形a muscular physique 肌肉发达的体格;例句:Swimming builds an evenly toned physique. 游泳能塑造匀称的体格。physic(身体)+ -que 法语后缀;重音在第二音节
wellness/ˈwelnəs/n. 健康(状态);养生a wellness program 健康计划;wellness tourism 康养旅游;例句:The company launched a wellness program for night-shift staff. 公司为夜班员工推出了健康计划。well + -ness:与 well-being(福祉,Unit08)相邻但更偏"身体管理"
nutrient/ˈnuːtrient/n. 营养素 adj. 营养的essential nutrients 必需营养素;nutrient-rich foods 富含营养的食物;例句:Soil nutrients determine crop yields. 土壤养分决定作物产量。nutri(滋养)+ -ent;nutrition(营养学)见 Unit08
fiber/ˈfaɪbər/n. 膳食纤维;纤维dietary fiber 膳食纤维;a high-fiber diet 高纤维饮食;例句:Dietary fiber feeds beneficial gut bacteria. 膳食纤维滋养有益肠道细菌。美式 fiber/英式 fibre;fiber optics 光纤
caffeine/ˈkæfiːn/n. 咖啡因cut down on caffeine 减少咖啡因摄入;例句:Caffeine blocks the brain chemical that signals sleepiness. 咖啡因阻断大脑传递困意的化学物质。café + -ine(生物碱后缀,同 nicotine 尼古丁)
supplement/ˈsʌplɪmənt/n. 补充剂 v. 增补dietary supplements 膳食补充剂;supplement... with... 以……补充……;例句:Vegans may need to supplement vitamin B12. 纯素食者可能需要补充维生素 B12。sup-(在下)+ ple(填满):填补缺口;supplementary adj. 补充的
sugar/ˈʃʊɡər/n. 糖;糖分blood sugar 血糖;a sugar tax 糖税;例句:Cutting added sugar is the fastest dietary win. 减少添加糖是最快的饮食改善。blood sugar(血糖)、sugar tax(糖税)为健康政策高频
fasting/ˈfæstɪŋ/n. 禁食;斋戒intermittent fasting 间歇性禁食;例句:Intermittent fasting reshaped how people schedule meals. 间歇性禁食改变了人们安排进餐的方式。fast 动词僻义"禁食";breakfast(早餐)即"开斋之餐"
habit/ˈhæbɪt/n. 习惯break a bad habit 戒除坏习惯;habit-forming 令人上瘾的;例句:Small rewards help break bad habits. 小奖励有助于戒除坏习惯。habit-forming(成瘾的);与 addiction(Unit08)衔接
nap/næp/n. 小睡;打盹 v. 打盹take a power nap 小憩提神;例句:A twenty-minute nap restores alertness. 二十分钟小睡能恢复警觉度。cat nap 打盹;与 insomnia(失眠,Unit08)对照
holistic/hoʊˈlɪstɪk/adj. 整体的;全面的a holistic approach 整体方法;holistic medicine 整体医学;例句:The clinic takes a holistic approach to patient care. 该诊所对患者采取整体照护。hol(整体,同 whole):把人当整体而非症状集合
lifespan/ˈlaɪfspæn/n. 寿命;(产品)使用年限average lifespan 平均寿命;extend the lifespan of... 延长……的寿命;例句:Exercise is one of the few proven ways to extend lifespan. 锻炼是少数被证实能延寿的方式之一。life + span(跨度);设备"使用年限"义科技阅读见
vitality/vaɪˈtæləti/n. 活力;生命力burst with vitality 朝气蓬勃;economic vitality 经济活力;例句:Green spaces restore the city's vitality. 绿地恢复了城市的活力。vit(生命,同 vitamin)+ -ality;vital adj. 至关重要的
recovery/rɪˈkʌvəri/n. 恢复;康复;复苏a speedy recovery 迅速康复;economic recovery 经济复苏;例句:Sleep is when muscle recovery happens. 睡眠正是肌肉恢复的时段。recover 的名词;"经济复苏"义商务高频
injury/ˈɪndʒəri/n. 伤害;(对身体的)损伤a knee injury 膝伤;recover from an injury 从伤病中恢复;例句:Overtraining raises the risk of injury. 过度训练会增加受伤风险。in-(入)+ jur(法):法律上的损害;与 wound(刀枪伤)区分
exercise/ˈeksərsaɪz/n./v. 锻炼;(权利的)行使exercise regularly 经常锻炼;exercise discretion 行使裁量权;例句:Managers exercise considerable discretion over scheduling. 经理在排班上行使相当大的裁量权。僻义"行使(权利/权力)"为熟词僻义高频
aerobic/erˈoʊbɪk/adj. 有氧的aerobic exercise 有氧运动;例句:Aerobic exercise strengthens the heart and lungs. 有氧运动强健心肺。aero(空气,同 airplane)+ bic:需要氧气参与的运动;反义 anaerobic
cardio/ˈkɑːrdioʊ/n. 有氧运动(口语)do cardio 做有氧;cardio sessions 有氧训练;例句:She does cardio three times a week. 她每周做三次有氧。cardiovascular 的口语缩略;健身房语境高频
yoga/ˈjoʊɡə/n. 瑜伽practice yoga 练瑜伽;a yoga mat 瑜伽垫;例句:Yoga improves flexibility and balance. 瑜伽提升柔韧性与平衡。梵语借词"结合";yoga mat / instructor 高频搭配
muscle/ˈmʌsl/n. 肌肉;力量build muscle 增肌;pull a muscle 拉伤肌肉;例句:She pulled a muscle warming up. 她热身时拉伤了肌肉。与 mussel(贻贝)同音;引申"实力"political muscle
spine/spaɪn/n. 脊柱;书脊;(动植物的)刺spinal injuries 脊柱损伤;例句:Heavy bags can strain a child's developing spine. 沉重的书包会损伤发育中的脊柱。"书脊"义阅读偶见;spinal adj. 脊柱的
joint/dʒɔɪnt/n. 关节 adj. 共同的joint pain 关节痛;a joint venture 合资企业;例句:Running on hard surfaces stresses the knee joints. 在硬地面跑步会给膝关节带来压力。双义高频:身体"关节"/"共同的"(joint venture)
flexibility/ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/n. 柔韧性;灵活性improve flexibility 提高柔韧性;workplace flexibility 工作弹性;例句:Remote work offers flexibility in scheduling. 远程办公提供了时间安排的弹性。flexible adj. 灵活的;身体与制度双语境
overweight/ˌoʊvərˈweɪt/adj. 超重的be overweight 超重;overweight adults 超重的成年人;例句:One in three adults is now overweight. 如今三分之一的成年人超重。over(超过)+ weight;程度轻于 obese(肥胖的)
gym/dʒɪm/n. 健身房;体育馆hit the gym 去健身;a gym membership 健身房会员;例句:He hits the gym before work twice a week. 他每周两次在上班前去健身房。gymnasium 的缩略;hit the gym 口语高频
skeleton/ˈskelɪtn/n. 骨骼;框架;骨干the human skeleton 人体骨骼;a skeleton staff 骨干人员;例句:The service ran with a skeleton staff during the holidays. 假期期间该服务由骨干人员维持运转。skeleton staff(最小人员配置)为僻义高频;skeleton in the closet 家丑
stretch/stretʃ/v./n. 拉伸;延伸stretch before running 跑前拉伸;at a stretch 一口气地;例句:He stretched his back after two hours of coding. 编码两小时后他伸展了一下背部。僻义"(时间/空间的)一段":at a stretch 一口气
treadmill/ˈtredmɪl/n. 跑步机;(单调的)苦差run on a treadmill 在跑步机上跑;the daily treadmill 每天的重复苦差;例句:Email turned many jobs into a treadmill. 电邮把许多工作变成了单调的苦役。tread(踩)+ mill(磨):原指踩转轮的苦役;比喻义为考研高频
trainer/ˈtreɪnər/n. 教练;训练师a personal trainer 私人教练;例句:A personal trainer designed her strength program. 一位私人教练为她设计了力量训练计划。train(训练)+ -er;英式 trainer 亦指"运动鞋"
sweat/swet/n. 汗 v. 出汗break into a sweat 开始出汗;例句:He sweated through the final interview. 他出了一身汗熬过了终面。no sweat(没问题)口语;sweat equity 血汗股权
nicotine/ˈnɪkətiːn/n. 尼古丁nicotine patches 尼古丁贴片;nicotine addiction 尼古丁成瘾;例句:Nicotine keeps smokers coming back for more. 尼古丁让烟民不断想抽下一支。以法国外交官 Nicot 命名;与 caffeine(咖啡因)同为 -ine 生物碱家族
jogging/ˈdʒɑːɡɪŋ/n. 慢跑go jogging 去慢跑;jogging along the river 沿河慢跑;例句:Daily jogging lowered his resting heart rate. 每天慢跑降低了他的静息心率。jog 本义"轻推";慢跑即身体被轻轻反复推动
weightlifting/ˈweɪtlɪftɪŋ/n. 举重;力量训练competitive weightlifting 竞技举重;例句:Weightlifting builds bone density as well as muscle. 力量训练在增肌的同时也提升骨密度。weight + lift + -ing;lift weights 为动词搭配
warm-up/ˈwɔːrmʌp/n. 热身;准备工作a five-minute warm-up 五分钟热身;例句:A proper warm-up prevents most training injuries. 充分热身能预防大多数训练损伤。动词短语 warm up 名词化;反义 cool-down(放松整理)
bedtime/ˈbedtaɪm/n. 就寝时间a fixed bedtime 固定就寝时间;past bedtime 过了睡觉时间;例句:A consistent bedtime matters more than total hours in bed. 固定的就寝时间比总时长更重要。bed + time;研究类文章"睡眠卫生"话题高频
drowsy/ˈdraʊzi/adj. 困倦的;(药物)使人昏昏欲睡的feel drowsy after lunch 午后犯困;drowsy side effects 嗜睡副作用;例句:The allergy medicine made him drowsy at work. 抗过敏药让他上班时昏昏欲睡。drowse(打盹)+ -y;药物说明书高频词
yawn/jɔːn/v./n. 打哈欠suppress a yawn 忍住哈欠;例句:Yawns spread through a boring meeting in seconds. 哈欠在乏味的会议中几秒内传开。与 dawn(黎明)形近;"张开的裂口"义僻义偶见
moderation/ˌmɑːdəˈreɪʃn/n. 适度;节制in moderation 适度地;eat sweets in moderation 适量吃甜食;例句:Coffee in moderation is part of a healthy routine. 适量喝咖啡是健康生活的一部分。moderate(适度的)名词化;in moderation 为固定搭配
sober/ˈsoʊbər/adj. 清醒的;未醉的;冷静的sober analysis 冷静的分析;a sobering thought 令人警醒的想法;例句:The report offers a sober assessment of the industry's future. 该报告对该行业的未来给出冷静评估。"未醉酒"本义→"冷静清醒"引申义双线;sober up 醒酒
brisk/brɪsk/adj. 轻快的;(生意)兴隆的a brisk walk 快走;brisk trade 生意兴隆;例句:A brisk thirty-minute walk counts as real exercise. 三十分钟快走就算真正的锻炼。"轻快"与"兴旺"双义;brisk wind 凛冽的风
stiff/stɪf/adj. 僵硬的;(竞争)激烈的stiff muscles 僵硬的肌肉;stiff competition 激烈竞争;例句:His back was stiff from sitting all day. 久坐一整天让他背部僵硬。"僵硬"本义→"激烈"引申(stiff competition 高频);stiffen v. 变僵
sore/sɔːr/adj. 疼痛的;恼火的sore muscles 肌肉酸痛;a sore point 痛处;例句:Sore muscles after the first workout are normal. 第一次锻炼后肌肉酸痛属正常。心理"恼火"义:be sore about sth;sore throat 喉咙痛
bruise/bruːz/n. 瘀伤 v. 碰伤;(水果)碰损a deep bruise 深层瘀伤;bruised easily 容易瘀青;例句:The fruit bruises easily in transit. 这种水果运输途中容易碰损。引申义"挫伤(感情)":bruised ego 受挫的自尊
bandage/ˈbændɪdʒ/n. 绷带 v. 用绷带包扎bandage a wound 包扎伤口;例句:The nurse bandaged the sprained ankle tightly. 护士把扭伤的脚踝紧紧包扎起来。band(带状物)+ -age;源自法语"布条"
concussion/kənˈkʌʃn/n. 脑震荡suffer a concussion 脑震荡;concussion protocol 脑震荡处理规程;例句:He sat out the season after a concussion. 脑震荡后他休战了整个赛季。con-(一起)+ cuss(摇):大脑被摇晃;体育报道高频
dentist/ˈdentɪst/n. 牙医visit the dentist 看牙医;例句:Regular dentist visits catch problems early. 定期看牙医能及早发现问题。dent(牙齿,同 dental)+ -ist;dentist appointment 就诊预约

自测(10 题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. take a power nap
  2. intermittent fasting
  3. stiff competition
  4. concussion protocol

第 5-7 题:选词填空(从本单元词表选词的适当形式填空)

  1. Office workers with ______ jobs should schedule standing breaks every hour.(久坐的)
  2. The allergy medicine lists ______ as a common side effect.(困倦)
  3. After the marathon, her legs were ______ for three days.(酸痛的)

第 8 题:介词填空

  1. Nutritionists advise drinking coffee ______ moderation rather than quitting abruptly.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用上括号内的词)

  1. 充分热身能预防大多数训练损伤。(warm-up)
  2. 三十分钟快走就算真正的锻炼。(brisk)
答案与解析
  1. 小憩提神(高质量短睡)。【考点:搭配中译;难度:易;错因提醒:power 修饰 nap 指"高质量的",勿直译"力量"】
  2. 间歇性禁食。【考点:搭配中译;难度:中;错因提醒:intermittent(间歇的)+ fasting(禁食);fast 僻义"禁食"勿理解为"快"】
  3. 激烈的竞争。【考点:搭配中译;难度:中;错因提醒:stiff 僻义"激烈的",勿理解为"僵硬的"——本词身体义与竞争义双线同考】
  4. 脑震荡处理规程。【考点:搭配中译;难度:中;错因提醒:protocol(规程)为医疗体育类高频词】
  5. sedentary。【考点:选词填空;难度:易;错因提醒:a sedentary job 久坐的工作,与 lifestyle 搭配同高频】
  6. drowsiness(drowsy 的名词)。【考点:选词填空;难度:中;错因提醒:药物说明书常用名词形式 drowsiness;若填 drowsy 需形容词位置】
  7. sore。【考点:选词填空;难度:易;错因提醒:sore muscles 肌肉酸痛;勿与 sour(酸的)混淆】
  8. in。【考点:介词搭配;难度:易;错因提醒:in moderation 适度地,固定搭配;moderation 后不接其他介词】
  9. A proper warm-up prevents most training injuries.【考点:汉译英;难度:中;错因提醒:warm-up 作名词带连字符;prevent injuries 搭配】
  10. A brisk thirty-minute walk counts as real exercise.【考点:汉译英;难度:中;错因提醒:brisk 修饰 walk 表"快走";count as 算作】