Unit17 农业与饮食

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:农业与饮食——考研阅读农业科技、粮食安全与食品健康类文章(现代农业技术、粮食供给、食品工业、饮食习惯等)的骨架词。本单元聚焦农业生产与饮食词汇,环境气候类词汇(drought、famine、erosion、greenhouse 等)见 Unit07-环境与能源,饮食健康类词汇(obesity、nutrition、diabetes 等)见 Unit08-医疗与心理
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
cultivate/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/v. 耕种;种植;培养cultivate crops 种植庄稼;cultivate the land 耕种土地;例句:Farmers in the valley cultivate rice on terraced fields. 山谷里的农民在梯田上种植水稻。cult(耕作)+ -ivate:由"耕种土地"引申为"培养兴趣、技能"
cultivation/ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃn/n. 耕作;栽培;培养the cultivation of crops 谷物种植;land under cultivation 耕种中的土地;例句:The plain is well suited for the cultivation of wheat. 这片平原非常适合种植小麦。cultivate 的名词形式;不可数
irrigation/ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/n. 灌溉an irrigation system 灌溉系统;irrigation canals 灌溉渠;例句:Modern irrigation systems allow two harvests a year. 现代灌溉系统使一年两熟成为可能。ir-(进入)+ rig(浇水):把水引进田里
fertilizer/ˈfɜːrtəlaɪzər/n. 肥料chemical fertilizers 化肥;apply fertilizer 施肥;例句:Overuse of chemical fertilizers damages the soil and waterways. 化肥的过度使用损害土壤和水道。fertile(肥沃的)+ -ize + -er:使土地变肥沃之物
pesticide/ˈpestɪsaɪd/n. 杀虫剂;农药pesticide residues 农药残留;spray pesticides 喷洒农药;例句:The vegetables were found to contain pesticide residues. 这些蔬菜被发现含有农药残留。pest(害虫)+ -i- + cide(杀):杀虫的药剂
herbicide/ˈhɜːrbɪsaɪd/n. 除草剂a powerful herbicide 高效除草剂;例句:Farmers sprayed herbicide to keep the fields weed-free. 农民喷洒除草剂使田间无杂草。herb(草)+ cide(杀):与 pesticide 同构
harvest/ˈhɑːrvɪst/n. 收成;收获(期)v. 收割a bumper harvest 丰收;harvest wheat 收割小麦;例句:The harvest failed after months without rain. 连续数月无雨后庄稼歉收。本义"秋收";harvest 作动词即"收割"
crop/krɑːp/n. 庄稼;作物;收成staple crops 主要农作物;a crop failure 庄稼歉收;例句:The drought destroyed most of the country's crops. 干旱毁掉了该国大部分庄稼。表"一季的收成";a cash crop(经济作物)
grain/ɡreɪn/n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒grain production 粮食生产;a grain of rice 一粒米;例句:The country imports grain to feed its growing population. 该国进口谷物以养活不断增长的人口。不可数表"谷物总称";a grain of 表"一粒/一丝"
wheat/wiːt/n. 小麦a wheat field 麦田;grow wheat 种小麦;例句:The region's wheat fields stretch to the horizon. 该地区的麦田延伸到天边。与 white 形近;flour 由 wheat 磨成
maize/meɪz/n. 玉米(英式;美式常用 corn)maize fields 玉米地;例句:Maize is the staple crop across much of rural Africa. 玉米是非洲大部分农村地区的主食作物。与 maze(迷宫)同音;corn 为美式常用
soybean/ˈsɔɪbiːn/n. 大豆;黄豆soybean oil 豆油;grow soybeans 种大豆;例句:Soybeans are a major source of plant protein. 大豆是植物蛋白的主要来源。soy(大豆)+ bean(豆)
arable/ˈærəbl/adj. 适于耕种的arable land 耕地;arable farming 耕作农业;例句:Only a tenth of the island's land is arable. 该岛只有十分之一的土地适于耕种。ar(耕作)+ -able:能被耕种的
pasture/ˈpæstʃər/n. 牧草地;牧场rolling pastures 起伏的牧场;put cattle out to pasture 放牛吃草;例句:Sheep graze on the green pastures of the valley. 羊群在山谷的绿色牧场上吃草。pastoral adj. 田园牧歌的,同根
graze/ɡreɪz/v. (牲畜)吃草;放牧;擦伤cattle grazing on the hillside 在山坡上吃草的牛群;例句:The cattle graze freely on the hillside in summer. 夏天牛群在山坡上自由吃草。草(grass)的动词化联想;另义"擦破(皮肤)"
livestock/ˈlaɪvstɑːk/n. 牲畜(总称)livestock farming 畜牧业;raise livestock 饲养牲畜;例句:The region's economy depends on raising livestock. 该地区经济依靠畜牧业。live(活)+ stock(存货):活着的"存货";集合名词
cattle/ˈkætl/n. 牛(总称)a herd of cattle 一群牛;raise cattle 养牛;例句:The farm raises cattle for both milk and meat. 该农场养牛既产奶又产肉。集合名词,无复数变化;a head of cattle 一头牛
poultry/ˈpoʊltri/n. 家禽;禽肉poultry farming 家禽养殖;poultry and eggs 禽蛋;例句:Poultry is cheaper than beef in most supermarkets. 在多数超市禽肉比牛肉便宜。poult(幼禽)+ -ry;集合名词,作主语谓语用单数
dairy/ˈderi/adj. 乳制的 n. 乳制品;乳品店dairy products 乳制品;a dairy farm 奶牛场;例句:Yogurt and cheese are popular dairy products. 酸奶和奶酪是受欢迎的乳制品。与 diary(日记)一字母之差,注意拼写
hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/n. 杂交种;混合物 adj. 混合的hybrid rice 杂交水稻;a hybrid approach 混合方法;例句:Hybrid rice varieties have sharply raised grain output. 杂交水稻品种大幅提高了粮食产量。hybr(杂交)+ -id;科技语境 hybrid cloud(混合云)
monoculture/ˈmɑːnoʊkʌltʃər/n. 单一栽培;单一种植the risks of monoculture 单一种植的风险;例句:Monoculture leaves crops highly vulnerable to disease. 单一种植使庄稼极易染病。mono-(单一)+ culture(栽培):只种一种作物
subsistence/səbˈsɪstəns/n. 生存;温饱subsistence farming 自给式耕作;subsistence level 温饱水平;例句:Most villagers live at subsistence level, growing only enough to eat. 多数村民仅够温饱,所种粮食只够自己吃。sub-(下面)+ sist(站立):勉强"撑住"生存
agribusiness/ˈæɡribɪznəs/n. 农业综合企业global agribusiness giants 全球农业综合企业巨头;例句:Global agribusiness now controls most seed markets. 全球农业综合企业如今控制着大部分种子市场。agri(农业)+ business:把农业当生意做
agrarian/əˈgreriən/adj. 农业的;土地的agrarian reform 土地改革;an agrarian society 农业社会;例句:The country underwent sweeping agrarian reform after independence. 该国独立后进行了彻底的土地改革。agr(田地,同 agriculture)+ -arian:与田地相关的
farmland/ˈfɑːrmlænd/n. 农田;耕地prime farmland 优质农田;lose farmland 失去耕地;例句:The city keeps expanding at the cost of farmland. 城市以牺牲农田为代价不断扩张。farm(农场)+ land(土地)
acre/ˈeɪkər/n. 英亩acres of farmland 数英亩农田;例句:He farms two hundred acres of wheat and maize. 他种植两百英亩小麦和玉米。约合 6 亩(0.4 公顷);与 ache 形近
hectare/ˈhekter/n. 公顷ten hectares of arable land 十公顷耕地;例句:The project brought irrigation to 50,000 hectares of farmland. 该工程为 5 万公顷农田带来了灌溉。hecto-(百)+ are(公亩):一百公亩即一公顷,合 15 亩
orchard/ˈɔːrtʃərd/n. 果园an apple orchard 苹果园;例句:The village lives off its peach orchards. 这个村子靠桃园为生。与 horticulture(园艺)同族,horti-(花园)
aquaculture/ˈɑːkwəkʌltʃər/n. 水产养殖coastal aquaculture 沿海水产养殖;例句:Coastal aquaculture now supplies half the world's fish. 沿海水产养殖如今供应全球一半的鱼。aqua(水)+ culture(栽培):在水里"种"鱼虾
organic/ɔːrˈɡænɪk/adj. 有机的;有机体的organic food 有机食品;organic farming 有机农业;例句:Organic food is often priced well above conventional food. 有机食品的定价常远高于常规食品。organ(器官)+ -ic:生物体的;反义 conventional(常规种植的)
malnutrition/ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃn/n. 营养不良suffer from malnutrition 患营养不良;severe malnutrition 严重营养不良;例句:Millions of children in the region suffer from malnutrition. 该地区数百万儿童患有营养不良。mal-(坏)+ nutrition(营养):营养状况糟糕
malnourished/ˌmælˈnɜːrɪʃt/adj. 营养不良的malnourished children 营养不良的儿童;例句:Doctors treated hundreds of malnourished children at the camp. 医生在营地治疗了数百名营养不良的儿童。mal-(坏)+ nourish(滋养)+ -ed:滋养不足的
calorie/ˈkæləri/n. 卡路里(热量单位)a low-calorie diet 低热量饮食;burn calories 消耗热量;例句:A single burger can contain half your daily calories. 一个汉堡就可能含有一天所需热量的一半。复数 calories;cut calories(减少热量摄入)
protein/ˈproʊtiːn/n. 蛋白质a rich source of protein 富含蛋白质;plant protein 植物蛋白;例句:Beans and nuts are cheap sources of plant protein. 豆类和坚果是廉价的植物蛋白来源。与 potato 无关;high-protein(高蛋白的)
vitamin/ˈvaɪtəmɪn/n. 维生素vitamin deficiency 维生素缺乏;take vitamins 服用维生素;例句:Vitamin deficiency weakens the immune system. 维生素缺乏会削弱免疫系统。vita(生命)+ -min:维持生命之物
staple/ˈsteɪpl/n. 主食;主要产品 adj. 最主要的staple food 主食;a staple of the local diet 当地饮食的基本;例句:Rice is the staple food for over half the world's population. 大米是全球一半以上人口的主食。本义"订书钉";a staple of...(……的主力)
cuisine/kwɪˈziːn/n. 菜肴;烹饪风格local cuisine 当地菜肴;French cuisine 法式料理;例句:The city is famous for its spicy street cuisine. 这座城市以辛辣的街头小吃闻名。法语借词;与 cook 同族
ingredient/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/n. 原料;成分;(成功等的)要素fresh ingredients 新鲜原料;the ingredients of success 成功的要素;例句:The restaurant is loved for its fresh local ingredients. 这家餐厅因新鲜的本地食材而受喜爱。in-(进入)+ gred(组合):组合进去的东西
recipe/ˈresəpi/n. 食谱;做法;诀窍follow a recipe 照食谱做;a recipe for disaster 灾祸的祸根;例句:Cutting corners on safety is a recipe for disaster. 在安全上偷工减料迟早出事。a recipe for disaster 高频引申搭配
appetite/ˈæpɪtaɪt/n. 食欲;胃口;欲望a good appetite 好胃口;an appetite for risk 冒险欲;例句:Long walks give the children a healthy appetite. 长途步行让孩子们食欲旺盛。ap-(向)+ pet(追求):追求食物的欲望
vegan/ˈviːɡən/n. 纯素食者 adj. 纯素的a vegan diet 纯素饮食;go vegan 变成纯素食者;例句:Vegans avoid all animal-based foods, including dairy and eggs. 纯素食者不吃包括乳制品和蛋在内的任何动物性食品。vegetarian 的"升级版",连蛋奶也不碰
vegetarian/ˌvedʒəˈteriən/n. 素食者 adj. 素食的a vegetarian diet 素食;vegetarian restaurants 素食餐厅;例句:More young people are switching to a vegetarian diet. 更多年轻人转而选择素食。vegetable 的形容词化"吃蔬菜的人"
dietary/ˈdaɪəteri/adj. 饮食的dietary habits 饮食习惯;dietary fiber 膳食纤维;例句:Doctors advised him to change his dietary habits. 医生建议他改变饮食习惯。diet(饮食)+ -ary;注意是形容词不是名词
synthetic/sɪnˈθetɪk/adj. 合成的;人造的synthetic fibers 合成纤维;synthetic fertilizers 化肥;例句:The jacket is made of synthetic fibers that dry quickly. 这件外套由速干的合成纤维制成。syn-(共同)+ thet(放置):放到一起"合成"
preservative/prɪˈzɜːrvətɪv/n. 防腐剂free from preservatives 不含防腐剂;例句:The bread contains no artificial preservatives. 这种面包不含人工防腐剂。pre-(预先)+ serv(保持)+ -ative:预先保持不坏之物
additive/ˈædətɪv/n. 添加剂food additives 食品添加剂;artificial additives 人工添加剂;例句:Many parents worry about additives in children's snacks. 许多家长担心儿童零食中的添加剂。add(添加)+ -itive:被加进去的东西
beverage/ˈbevərɪdʒ/n. 饮料alcoholic beverages 酒精饮料;hot beverages 热饮;例句:The café serves both hot and cold beverages. 这家咖啡馆供应冷热饮品。正式用语,酒水单上"饮品"的总称
flavor/ˈfleɪvər/n. 味道;风味 v. 给……调味a rich flavor 浓郁的风味;flavor the soup with ginger 用姜给汤提味;例句:Local herbs give the soup its distinctive flavor. 本地香草使这碗汤风味独特。英式拼 flavour;引申义"特色、基调"
processed/prəˈsest/adj. 加工过的processed food 加工食品;heavily processed 高度加工的;例句:A modern diet is packed with heavily processed food. 现代饮食充斥着高度加工的食品。process(加工)的过去分词作形容词
delicacy/ˈdelɪkəsi/n. 美味佳肴;精致;微妙a local delicacy 当地美食;handle with delicacy 需谨慎处理;例句:Bird's nest soup is considered a delicacy in China. 燕窝汤在中国被视为美味佳肴。delicate(精致的)+ -cy;另义"微妙、审慎"

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. subsistence farming
  2. arable land
  3. food additives
  4. dietary habits

第 5-7 题:选词填空(irrigate / cultivate / organic / appetite,注意正确形式)

  1. In this arid region, farmers ______ their fields with water pumped from deep wells.
  2. The thin mountain soil is too poor to ______ crops without heavy fertilizing.
  3. ______ vegetables are grown without synthetic pesticides or chemical fertilizers.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. Millions of children in the region suffer ______ chronic malnutrition.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 化肥与农药的过度使用已经污染了当地的河流。(fertilizer / pesticide)
  2. 越来越多的消费者愿意为有机蔬菜支付更高的价格。(organic / be willing to)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 自给式耕作(仅够自家口粮的小规模农业)。【考点:名词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:subsistence 意为"生存、温饱",勿望文生义;subsistence farming 为农业类文章高频表达】
  2. 耕地(适于耕种的土地)。【考点:形容词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:arable 指土地"可耕种的",勿与 available(可获得的)混淆】
  3. 食品添加剂。【考点:名词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:additive 指添加剂,与 preservative(防腐剂)分工不同,勿混用】
  4. 饮食习惯。【考点:形容词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:dietary 是 diet 的形容词形式,勿误当作名词使用】
  5. irrigate。【考点:动词辨义;难度:中;错因提醒:句中 arid(干旱的)与 water 提示灌溉;主语 farmers 为复数,动词用原形】
  6. cultivate。【考点:动词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:too...to 结构后接动词原形;"土壤贫瘠种不了庄稼"即 too poor to cultivate crops】
  7. Organic。【考点:形容词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:句中 synthetic pesticides 提示"不施合成农药的"即有机种植;位于句首注意大写】
  8. from。【考点:介词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:suffer from(患……病、受……之苦)为固定搭配,勿误用 of/with】
  9. Overuse of fertilizers and pesticides has polluted the local rivers.【考点:汉译英+名词单复数;难度:中;错因提醒:两词均常用复数 fertilizers and pesticides;"污染"可用 pollute 或 contaminate;现在完成时表已造成的后果】
  10. A growing number of consumers are willing to pay higher prices for organic vegetables.【考点:汉译英+固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:be willing to do(愿意做);organic vegetables(有机蔬菜);"越来越多"可用 a growing number of】