Unit08 医疗与心理

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:医疗与心理——考研阅读医学健康类、心理类文章(流行病、医疗体制、心理健康、成瘾与行为研究等)的骨架词。本单元聚焦疾病诊疗与心理词汇,研究方法类词汇见 Unit01-学术研究与论证,科技类词汇见 Unit04-科技与创新
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
diagnosis/ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊsɪs/n. 诊断(复数 diagnoses)an early diagnosis 早期诊断;例句:Early diagnosis greatly improves survival rates. 早期诊断大幅提高存活率。dia-(穿过)+ gnos(知道):透过症状知道病因;动词 diagnose 见 Unit04
symptom/ˈsɪmptəm/n. 症状;征兆flu symptoms 流感症状;例句:Fever is a common symptom of the disease. 发烧是这种疾病的常见症状。sym-(共同)+ ptom(落下):与疾病一同"落下"的信号
epidemic/ˌepɪˈdemɪk/n. 流行病;(坏事的)泛滥 adj. 流行性的an epidemic of obesity 肥胖的泛滥;例句:The city battled a flu epidemic. 该市抗击了一场流感疫情。epi-(在…之上)+ dem(人民,同 democracy):落在人民头上的病
pandemic/pænˈdemɪk/n.(全球性)大流行病 adj. 大流行的a global pandemic 全球大流行病;例句:The pandemic disrupted supply chains worldwide. 疫情扰乱了全球供应链。pan-(全)+ dem(人民):全人类范围内的流行
chronic/ˈkrɑːnɪk/adj. 慢性的;长期的chronic diseases 慢性病;例句:Diabetes is a chronic condition. 糖尿病是一种慢性病。chron(时间,同 chronicle 编年史):拖得久的
therapy/ˈθerəpi/n. 治疗;疗法physical therapy 物理治疗;例句:He undergoes speech therapy twice a week. 他每周接受两次言语治疗。治疗师即 therapist
treatment/ˈtriːtmənt/n. 治疗;疗法;对待medical treatment 医疗;例句:The treatment relieved her symptoms within days. 治疗几天内就缓解了她的症状。treat(治疗/对待)+ -ment
cure/kjʊr/v. 治愈 n. 疗法;对策a cure for cancer 癌症疗法;例句:Antibiotics cured the infection. 抗生素治愈了感染。cur(关心,同 care):精心照料直至痊愈
vaccine/vækˈsiːn/n. 疫苗develop a vaccine 研发疫苗;例句:The vaccine proved highly effective in trials. 该疫苗在试验中证明非常有效。源自 vacca(母牛):首支疫苗来自牛痘
vaccinate/ˈvæksɪneɪt/v. 给……接种疫苗vaccinate children against measles 给儿童接种麻疹疫苗;例句:All students were vaccinated against the flu. 所有学生都接种了流感疫苗。vaccine 的动词;名词 vaccination
virus/ˈvaɪrəs/n. 病毒a deadly virus 致命病毒;例句:The virus spreads through close contact. 该病毒通过密切接触传播。计算机领域的"病毒"同词
bacterial/bækˈtɪriəl/adj. 细菌的a bacterial infection 细菌感染;例句:Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is rising. 细菌对抗生素的耐药性正在上升。bacteria(细菌,复数)+ -al
infection/ɪnˈfekʃn/n. 感染;传染病a lung infection 肺部感染;例句:Poor hygiene increases the risk of infection. 卫生条件差会增加感染风险。infect(感染)+ -ion
infect/ɪnˈfekt/v. 感染;传染be infected with a virus 感染病毒;例句:Millions were infected during the outbreak. 疫情期间数百万人被感染。in-(进入)+ fect(做):病毒"做"进身体里
immune/ɪˈmjuːn/adj. 免疫的;不受影响的the immune system 免疫系统;be immune to... 对……免疫/不受影响;例句:Vaccines train the immune system to fight the virus. 疫苗训练免疫系统对抗病毒。im-(不)+ mun(义务,同 municipal):无义务再服役 → 已获免疫力
antibiotic/ˌæntibaɪˈɑːtɪk/n. 抗生素(常用复数)overuse antibiotics 滥用抗生素;例句:Doctors warn against the overuse of antibiotics. 医生警告不要滥用抗生素。anti-(抗)+ bio(生命)+ -tic:抗微生物
prescribe/prɪˈskraɪb/v. 开(药);规定prescribe medication 开药;例句:The doctor prescribed painkillers after surgery. 术后医生开了止痛药。pre-(提前)+ scrib(写):提前写好药方
prescription/prɪˈskrɪpʃn/n. 处方;药方prescription drugs 处方药;例句:The drug is available only by prescription. 这种药只能凭处方购买。prescribe 的名词;区别 subscription(订阅)
dosage/ˈdoʊsɪdʒ/n.(药的)剂量the recommended dosage 推荐剂量;例句:Never exceed the recommended dosage. 切勿超过推荐剂量。dose(一剂)+ -age
surgery/ˈsɜːrdʒəri/n. 外科手术undergo surgery 接受手术;例句:He underwent knee surgery last month. 他上月接受了膝关节手术。surgeon(外科医生)+ -ry
surgeon/ˈsɜːrdʒən/n. 外科医生a brain surgeon 脑外科医生;例句:The surgeon performed a five-hour operation. 外科医生做了五个小时的手术。源于希腊语"手工":靠手艺治病的人
physician/fɪˈzɪʃn/n.(内科)医生a primary-care physician 初级保健医生;例句:Consult your physician before starting the diet. 开始节食前请咨询医生。physic(医术)+ -ian;与 physicist(物理学家)仅一字母之差
mental/ˈmentl/adj. 精神的;心理的;智力的mental health 心理健康;例句:Exercise benefits mental health. 锻炼有益心理健康。mind(头脑)的拉丁同源 ment
psychological/ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/adj. 心理的;心理学的psychological stress 心理压力;例句:Unemployment causes psychological strain. 失业造成心理压力。psycho(心理)+ log(学科)+ -ical
mindfulness/ˈmaɪndflnəs/n. 正念;专注觉察mindfulness meditation 正念冥想;例句:Mindfulness helps reduce anxiety. 正念有助于减轻焦虑。mindful(留心的)+ -ness
anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/n. 焦虑;渴望suffer from anxiety 患焦虑症;例句:Job insecurity fuels anxiety among workers. 工作不稳定加剧了劳动者的焦虑。anxi(痛苦);形容词 anxious
anxious/ˈæŋkʃəs/adj. 焦虑的;渴望的be anxious about... 为……焦虑;be anxious to do 渴望做;例句:Parents are anxious about school safety. 家长为学校安全担忧。anxiety 的形容词;注意"渴望"义
depression/dɪˈpreʃn/n. 抑郁(症);萧条suffer from depression 患抑郁症;例句:Loneliness can lead to depression. 孤独可能导致抑郁。de-(向下)+ press(压)+ -ion:情绪被压下去;经济义"萧条"见 Unit03
disorder/dɪsˈɔːrdər/n. 失调;紊乱;疾病a sleep disorder 睡眠障碍;例句:Eating disorders often begin in adolescence. 进食障碍常始于青春期。dis-(不)+ order(秩序):秩序失常
insomnia/ɪnˈsɑːmniə/n. 失眠(症)suffer from insomnia 患失眠症;例句:Chronic insomnia affects her concentration. 慢性失眠影响她的注意力。in-(不)+ somn(睡,同 somnolent 困倦的):睡不着
obesity/oʊˈbiːsəti/n. 肥胖(症)childhood obesity 儿童肥胖;例句:Sugar taxes aim to curb childhood obesity. 糖税旨在遏制儿童肥胖。obese(肥胖的)的名词形式
diabetes/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/n. 糖尿病type-2 diabetes 二型糖尿病;例句:Obesity raises the risk of type-2 diabetes. 肥胖增加患二型糖尿病的风险。医学高频病名,拼写整体记
stroke/stroʊk/n. 中风; strokes 一击 v. 抚摸suffer a stroke 患中风;例句:High blood pressure increases the risk of stroke. 高血压增加中风风险。本义"一击":脑血管被"击中"
addiction/əˈdɪkʃn/n. 上瘾;沉溺drug addiction 毒瘾;例句:He sought help for his addiction to painkillers. 他因止痛药成瘾而求助。addict(上瘾者 n. /使上瘾 v.)+ -ion
addictive/əˈdɪktɪv/adj. 使人上瘾的highly addictive 高度成瘾性;例句:Nicotine is highly addictive. 尼古丁极易成瘾。addiction 的形容词;勿与 addicted(上瘾的)混淆
abuse/əˈbjuːs/ (n.); /əˈbjuːz/ (v.)n./v. 滥用;虐待substance abuse 药物滥用;例句:Screen time among teens borders on substance-abuse patterns. 青少年屏幕使用时间接近物质滥用模式。ab-(偏离)+ use(使用):用偏了
well-being/ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/n. 健康;幸福;福祉physical and mental well-being 身心健康;例句:Flexible hours improve employees' well-being. 弹性工时提升员工幸福感。well(好)+ being(存在):过得好的状态
behavior/bɪˈheɪvjər/n. 行为;表现risky behavior 冒险行为;例句:The study links sleep loss to risky behavior. 该研究把睡眠不足与冒险行为联系起来。be-(使)+ hav(拥有):表现出拥有的状态
behavioral/bɪˈheɪvjərəl/adj. 行为的behavioral science 行为科学;例句:Behavioral therapy targets harmful habits. 行为疗法针对有害习惯。behavior + -al
resilience/rɪˈzɪliəns/n. 韧性;恢复力build resilience 培养韧性;例句:Social support builds resilience in children. 社会支持能培养孩子的韧性。re-(回)+ sili(跳):受压后能"弹回"
trauma/ˈtraʊmə/n. 创伤;精神创伤childhood trauma 童年创伤;例句:Early trauma can shape adult mental health. 早期创伤会影响成年后的心理健康。形容词 traumatic(创伤性的)
counseling/ˈkaʊnslɪŋ/n. 咨询;辅导psychological counseling 心理咨询;例句:The school offers free counseling to students. 学校为学生提供免费心理辅导。counsel(劝告/顾问)+ -ing;counselor 咨询师
psychiatric/ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk/adj. 精神病学的a psychiatric disorder 精神疾病;例句:The clinic treats psychiatric disorders. 该诊所治疗精神疾病。psychiatry(精神病学)+ -ic
emergency/ɪˈmɜːrdʒənsi/n. 紧急情况;急诊an emergency room 急诊室;例句:In an emergency, call 911. 遇紧急情况请拨打 911。emerge(浮现)+ -ency:突然冒出的状况
outbreak/ˈaʊtbreɪk/n.(疾病、战争等的)爆发a flu outbreak 流感暴发;例句:The outbreak forced the closure of schools. 疫情暴发迫使学校停课。break out(爆发)的名词形式
heal/hiːl/v. 治愈;愈合heal wounds 治愈伤口;例句:The wound healed slowly. 伤口愈合得很慢。与 health 同源:恢复了健康
disability/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/n. 残疾;功能障碍a learning disability 学习障碍;例句:The campus accommodates students with disabilities. 校方为残障学生提供便利。dis-(不)+ ability(能力):能力缺失
hygiene/ˈhaɪdʒiːn/n. 卫生personal hygiene 个人卫生;例句:Good hygiene prevents the spread of disease. 良好的卫生习惯能阻止疾病传播。希腊健康之神 Hygieia 之名
nutrition/nuˈtrɪʃn/n. 营养;营养学poor nutrition 营养不良;例句:Good nutrition supports brain development. 良好的营养促进大脑发育。nutri(滋养,同 nutrient 营养素)+ -tion
fatigue/fəˈtiːɡ/n. 疲劳;疲乏 v. 使疲劳chronic fatigue 慢性疲劳;例句:Drivers' fatigue causes many crashes. 驾驶员疲劳导致许多车祸。与 fact(做)同族:做多了就累

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. suffer from chronic insomnia
  2. an epidemic of childhood obesity
  3. be immune to the virus
  4. undergo emergency surgery

第 5-7 题:选词填空(vaccinate / prescribe / anxiety / resilience,注意正确形式)

  1. Children in the region were ______ against measles last spring.
  2. The doctor refused to ______ antibiotics for a mild cold.
  3. Regular exercise builds both physical strength and mental ______.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. Millions of people were infected ______ the virus during the outbreak.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 疫苗训练免疫系统对抗病毒。(vaccine / immune system)
  2. 孤独可能导致抑郁和焦虑。(loneliness / depression / anxiety)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 患慢性失眠症。suffer from(患病)为固定搭配;chronic(慢性的)与 acute(急性的)相对。
  2. 儿童肥胖的泛滥。epidemic 除"流行病"外,常引申指不良现象的泛滥,是阅读高频考法。
  3. 对该病毒免疫。be immune to...(对……免疫/不受影响);名词 immunity。
  4. 接受急诊手术。undergo(经历、接受)常与 surgery/operation 搭配。
  5. vaccinated。vaccinate sb against...(给某人接种……疫苗),被动语态 were vaccinated against。
  6. prescribe。prescribe antibiotics/cures(开抗生素/开药方);拒绝做某事 refuse to do。
  7. resilience。mental resilience(心理韧性)与 physical strength 并列,此处需名词。
  8. with。be infected with...(感染……)为固定搭配;注意区别 be immune to。
  9. Vaccines train the immune system to fight the virus.(train...to do 训练……做某事)
  10. Loneliness can lead to depression and anxiety.(lead to 导致;亦可用 give rise to)