Unit33 高频抽象名词二

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:高频抽象名词(二)——后缀工具词。考研阅读的论点句、转折句、正确选项大量落在 -ment / -ance(-ence) / -ure 三大后缀的抽象名词上;本单元用后缀家族串起 50 词,与 Unit32-抽象名词一 互补,方法论词见 Unit12-逻辑连接词
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
dilemma/dɪˈlemə/n. 困境;进退两难face a dilemma 面临两难;be caught in a dilemma 陷入两难;例句:She faced the dilemma of career versus family. 她面临事业与家庭的两难选择。di-(二)+ lemma(命题):两个命题都不好选
aftermath/ˈæftərmæθ/n. 后果;余波in the aftermath of the war 战后余波;例句:Food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought. 旱灾过后食品价格飙升。after(之后)+ math(割草):割完草后的烂摊子
setback/ˈsetbæk/n. 挫折;倒退suffer a setback 遭受挫折;a temporary setback 暂时挫败;例句:The project suffered a major setback in funding. 项目在资金上遭受重大挫折。set(放)+ back(向后):被往后放了一步
predicament/prɪˈdɪkəmənt/n. 困境;窘境in a difficult predicament 处于艰难困境;例句:The loans left the firm in a serious predicament. 这些贷款使公司陷入严重困境。pre-(预先)+ dic(说)+ ament:被"预言"中的尴尬局面
impediment/ɪmˈpedɪmənt/n. 障碍;阻碍an impediment to progress 进步的障碍;a speech impediment 口吃;例句:Bureaucracy remains an impediment to reform. 官僚作风仍是改革的障碍。im-(不)+ ped(脚,同 pedal)+ ment:绊住脚
entanglement/ɪnˈtæŋɡlmənt/n. 纠缠;瓜葛avoid military entanglements 避免军事纠葛;例句:The company sought to avoid overseas entanglements. 公司力图避免海外纠葛。tangle(缠结)名词化;外交语境高频
backlash/ˈbæklæʃ/n. 强烈反对;(舆论)反弹a public backlash 公众强烈反弹;face a backlash from... 遭……的强烈反对;例句:The fare increase provoked a public backlash. 票价上涨引发公众强烈反弹。back(回)+ lash(鞭打):舆论反手一鞭
deterioration/dɪˌtɪriəˈreɪʃn/n. 恶化;退化further deterioration 进一步恶化;例句:Doctors noted a rapid deterioration in his condition. 医生注意到他的病情迅速恶化。deteriorate(恶化)的名词;近义 decline
rupture/ˈrʌptʃər/n. / v. 破裂;(关系)断裂a rupture in relations 关系破裂;rupture the pipeline 使管道破裂;例句:The dispute ruptured relations between the two parties. 这场争端使两党关系破裂。rupt(断,同 interrupt 打断)+ -ure
fracture/ˈfræktʃər/n. / v. 骨折;断裂a stress fracture 应力性骨折;fracture the skull 颅骨骨折;例句:Fractures in the bridge's supports were discovered. 桥梁支撑结构发现裂缝。fract(碎,同 fragile 易碎)+ -ure
embodiment/ɪmˈbɑːdimənt/n. 化身;体现the embodiment of... ……的化身;例句:She is the embodiment of calm professionalism. 她是冷静专业的化身。embody(体现)的名词;em-(使入体内)
enactment/ɪˈnæktmənt/n. (法律)制定;颁布的法令the enactment of legislation 立法的通过;例句:The enactment of the law took three years. 该法的通过历时三年。enact(制定法律)的名词;en-(使)+ act(法令)
astonishment/əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/n. 惊讶to one's astonishment 令某人惊讶的是;例句:To my astonishment, the plan worked. 令我惊讶的是,计划竟然成功了。astonish(使震惊)的名词;注意 to one's astonishment 结构
detachment/dɪˈtætʃmənt/n. 超然;客观;分离view sth with detachment 冷眼旁观;例句:Good judges need emotional detachment. 好的裁判需要情感上的超然。detach(分开)的名词;反义 engagement(投入)
indictment/ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/n. 起诉书;(对现象的)控诉issue an indictment 提起公诉;a damning indictment of... 对……的严厉控诉;例句:The report is an indictment of the city's housing policy. 该报告是对该市住房政策的严厉控诉。in-(进入)+ dict(说)+ ment:把罪状"说进"案卷
refinement/rɪˈfaɪnmənt/n. 改进;提炼;文雅further refinements to the design 设计的进一步改进;例句:The design underwent several refinements. 该设计经过多次改进。refine(提炼)的名词;re-(再)+ fine(精细)
engagement/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒmənt/n. 参与;婚约;约会civic engagement 公民参与;rules of engagement 交战规则;例句:Voting is a basic form of civic engagement. 投票是公民参与的基本形式。engage(参与;订婚)的名词;一词多义都要认
assortment/əˈsɔːrtmənt/n. 各式各样的聚合a wide assortment of... 五花八门的……;例句:The market sells an assortment of local goods. 市场出售各式当地商品。assort(分类)的名词;a rich assortment of examples 写作可用
appeasement/əˈpiːzmənt/n. 绥靖;姑息a policy of appeasement 绥靖政策;例句:Critics called the deal pure appeasement. 批评者称该协议纯属绥靖。appease(安抚)的名词;二战"绥靖政策"考点词
discrepancy/dɪˈskrepənsi/n. 差异;不一致a discrepancy between A and B A 与 B 之间的出入;例句:Auditors found a discrepancy between the two sets of figures. 审计人员发现两组数据存在出入。dis-(分开)+ creep(响):对不上"响"
ambivalence/æmˈbɪvələns/n. 矛盾心理;摇摆ambivalence toward... 对……的矛盾态度;例句:Voters showed ambivalence toward both candidates. 选民对两位候选人都态度矛盾。ambi-(双,同 ambiguous 模棱两可)+ val(价值):两种价值打架
divergence/daɪˈvɜːrdʒəns/n. 分歧;背离a divergence of views 观点分歧;divergence from the plan 偏离计划;例句:There is a growing divergence between theory and practice. 理论与实践的分歧越来越大。diverge(分岔)的名词;di-(分开)+ verge(转向)
convergence/kənˈvɜːrdʒəns/n. 汇聚;融合the convergence of technologies 技术融合;例句:The device marks the convergence of phone and camera. 该设备标志着手机与相机的融合。diverge 的反义词;科技评论高频
defiance/dɪˈfaɪəns/n. 违抗;蔑视in defiance of... 无视……;公然违抗;例句:They protested in defiance of the ban. 他们无视禁令举行抗议。defy(违抗)的名词;in defiance of 是高频介词搭配
vigilance/ˈvɪdʒɪləns/n. 警惕;警戒constant vigilance 持续警惕;eternal vigilance 永恒的警惕;例句:Food safety requires constant vigilance. 食品安全需要时刻警惕。vigil(守夜)+ -ance:守夜人般的警觉
recurrence/rɪˈkɜːrəns/n. 复发;重现prevent a recurrence 防止复发;例句:Regular screening reduces the recurrence of cancer. 定期筛查可降低癌症复发率。recur(复发;重现,re- + cur 跑)的名词
prevalence/ˈprevələns/n. 流行;普遍(程度)the prevalence of obesity 肥胖的普遍程度;例句:The study measured the prevalence of diabetes among adults. 该研究测量了成年人中糖尿病的患病率。prevail(盛行)的名词;流行病学与社科文章高频
adherence/ədˈhɪrəns/n. 遵守;附着strict adherence to the rules 严格遵守规则;adherence to medication 遵医嘱服药;例句:Strict adherence to protocol prevented errors. 严格按规程操作避免了差错。adhere(粘附;遵守)的名词;adhere to 的搭配要连记
coherence/koʊˈhɪrəns/n. 连贯性;条理;凝聚lack coherence 缺乏条理;例句:The essay loses coherence in its final section. 文章最后一节条理涣散。cohere(连贯)的名词;写作评分核心词,反义 fragmentation
prudence/ˈpruːdns/n. 审慎;精明fiscal prudence 财政审慎;例句:Fiscal prudence demands smaller deficits. 财政审慎要求压缩赤字。prudent(谨慎的)的名词;pro-(提前)+ vid(看):提前看清
compliance/kəmˈplaɪəns/n. 遵从;合规in compliance with... 遵照……;regulatory compliance 监管合规;例句:The plant was shut down for non-compliance with emissions rules. 该厂因违反排放规定被关停。comply(遵守,comply with)的名词;合规语境高频
resemblance/rɪˈzembləns/n. 相似;相似之处bear a resemblance to... 与……相似;例句:The twin bears a strong resemblance to his father. 这个男孩长得酷似其父。resemble(像)的名词;bear a resemblance to 是固定搭配
allegiance/əˈliːdʒəns/n. 忠诚;拥护pledge allegiance to... 宣誓效忠……;例句:Immigrants pledge allegiance to their new country. 移民宣誓效忠新国家。al-(向)+ leg(捆绑,同 liaison 联系):把自己捆上去
sustenance/ˈsʌstənəns/n. 食物;生计;维持provide sustenance 提供养分;例句:The land provided sustenance for generations of farmers. 这片土地养活了一代代农民。sustain(维持)的名词;sustains the sustenance 联想
nuisance/ˈnuːsns/n. 讨厌的人/事a public nuisance 公害;make a nuisance of oneself 惹人嫌;例句:Graffiti is a growing nuisance downtown. 涂鸦成了市中心日益严重的公害。nuis(伤害 nocuous 有害的):致害之物即"讨厌鬼"
complacency/kəmˈpleɪsnsi/n. 自满;满足现状breed complacency 滋生自满;例句:Early success bred complacency within the team. 早期的成功让团队滋生自满。com-(共)+ plac(取悦):人人都自我感觉良好
closure/ˈkloʊʒər/n. 关闭;(心理上的)了结the closure of schools 学校关闭;achieve closure 获得释怀;例句:The announcement brought closure to a long dispute. 这一通告给旷日持久的争端画上句号。close(关闭)的名词;"寻求了结"义常见于心理类文章
disclosure/dɪsˈkloʊʒər/n. 披露;揭发full disclosure of... 充分披露……;risk disclosure 风险披露;例句:The law requires full disclosure of campaign donations. 法律要求全面披露竞选捐款。disclose(揭露,dis- + close 打开)的名词
exposure/ɪkˈspoʊʒər/n. 暴露;接触;(媒体)报道prolonged exposure to sunlight 长时间日晒;media exposure 媒体曝光;例句:Prolonged exposure to noise damages hearing. 长期暴露在噪声中会损伤听力。expose(使暴露)的名词;exposure to 是高频介词搭配
enclosure/ɪnˈkloʊʒər/n. 圈占地;附件a cattle enclosure 牲畜围栏;例句:The enclosure movement fenced off common land. 圈地运动把公地圈了起来。enclose(围起)的名词;英国圈地运动考点词
conjecture/kənˈdʒektʃər/n. / v. 猜测;推测pure conjecture 纯属猜测;例句:The cause of the collapse remains a matter of conjecture. 坍塌原因仍属猜测。con-(共同)+ ject(扔):把各种说法扔到一起猜
overture/ˈoʊvərtʃʊr/n. 前奏;主动表示an overture to peace 和平的初步姿态;例句:The visit was seen as an overture to talks. 此访被视为开启谈判的试探。overt(打开)+ -ure:打开门的第一步
fissure/ˈfɪʃər/n. 裂缝;(团体内的)裂痕deep fissures within the party 党内深刻裂痕;例句:The crisis exposed deep fissures within the alliance. 危机暴露了联盟内部的深刻裂痕。fiss(裂,同 fissure 分裂)+ -ure;与 fracture 分记:前者多引申义
seizure/ˈsiːʒər/n. 癫痫发作;(依法)没收suffer a seizure 癫痫发作;the seizure of assets 查封资产;例句:Customs announced the seizure of counterfeit goods. 海关宣布查扣假冒商品。seize(抓住;夺取)的名词;医疗与法律双语境
prelude/ˈpreluːd/n. 前奏;序幕a prelude to disaster 灾难的先兆;例句:The border clash was a prelude to full-scale war. 边境冲突是全面战争的序幕。pre-(前)+ lude(演奏,同 melody 旋律之外的 lud):开场曲
resurgence/rɪˈsɜːrdʒəns/n. 复苏;再起a resurgence of interest 兴趣复燃;例句:The policy sparked a resurgence of public debate. 该政策重新点燃了公众辩论。resurge(复活,re- + surge 涌起)的名词
revival/rɪˈvaɪvl/n. 复兴;复苏an economic revival 经济复苏;a revival of traditional crafts 传统手艺的复兴;例句:The festival sparked a revival of folk music. 该音乐节推动了民谣复兴。revive(使复苏)的名词;re-(再)+ viv(活)
reversal/rɪˈvɜːrsl/n. 逆转;撤销a policy reversal 政策急转;a dramatic reversal 戏剧性逆转;例句:The court's reversal stunned both sides. 法院的改判令双方震惊。reverse(颠倒)的名词;"政策大转弯"语境高频
fluctuation/ˌflʌktʃuˈeɪʃn/n. 波动;涨落price fluctuations 价格波动;例句:Crop yields are sensitive to rainfall fluctuations. 粮食产量对降雨波动很敏感。fluctuate(波动,fluct 波浪)的名词
disruption/dɪsˈrʌpʃn/n. 中断;扰乱;(行业的)颠覆widespread disruption 大面积中断;digital disruption 数字化颠覆;例句:The strike caused disruption to rail services. 罢工造成铁路服务中断。disrupt(扰乱)的名词;"颠覆式创新"义在商业文章高频

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. in the aftermath of the earthquake
  2. in defiance of the court order
  3. a damning indictment of housing policy
  4. strict adherence to safety protocols

第 5-7 题:选词填空(complacency / discrepancy / resurgence / vigilance,注意正确形式)

  1. Auditors found a ______ between the two sets of accounts.
  2. Years of smooth sailing bred ______ among the senior managers.
  3. The city saw a ______ of interest in electric buses.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. The plant was fined for non-compliance ______ emissions rules.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 许多应届毕业生面临留在大城市还是回到家乡的两难选择。(face the dilemma of)
  2. 尽管遭受一连串挫折,这家公司最终实现了引人注目的复苏。(a string of setbacks / a remarkable revival)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 地震过后的余波中。【考点:介词短语固定搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:in the aftermath of... 为固定结构;aftermath 是名词"后果、余波",勿望文生义拆成 after + math(数学)】
  2. 无视法庭禁令。【考点:介词短语固定搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:in defiance of = 公然违抗,由 defy 派生;介词 of 不能丢】
  3. 对住房政策的严厉控诉。【考点:名词僻义与搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:indictment 本义"起诉书",a damning indictment of... 引申为"对……的严厉控诉";damning(罪证确凿的)常与之连用】
  4. 严格遵守安全规程。【考点:名词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:adherence 由 adhere to 派生,名词后仍接 to;近义词 compliance 接 with(in compliance with),注意介词分工】
  5. discrepancy。【考点:名词辨义;难度:低;错因提醒:a discrepancy between A and B 是审计语境高频搭配"两组数据的出入";vigilance(警惕)不接 between】
  6. complacency。【考点:名词辨义与形近词;难度:中;错因提醒:breed complacency(滋生自满)固定搭配;勿与 compliance(合规)混淆——两词形近义远】
  7. resurgence。【考点:名词辨义与冠词;难度:中;错因提醒:a resurgence of interest in... "对……的兴趣复燃";注意 resurgence 前要加 a;vigilance 不可数且语义不合】
  8. with。【考点:介词搭配;难度:低;错因提醒:compliance with / non-compliance with 是合规语境固定搭配;be fined for non-compliance with... "因违反……被罚款"】
  9. Many fresh graduates face the dilemma of staying in a big city or returning to their hometown.【考点:汉译英+名词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:face the dilemma of A or B(也可 between A and B);dilemma 拼写双写 m,勿写 dilema;"两难选择"勿直译 double choice】
  10. Despite a string of setbacks, the company eventually staged a remarkable revival.【考点:汉译英+名词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:setback 可数,"一连串挫折"用 a string of setbacks;"实现复苏"用 stage/achieve a revival,动宾搭配要完整;revival 与 resurgence 此处均可】