Unit32 抽象名词一

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:高频抽象名词(一)——后缀工具词。考研阅读的论点句、转折句、正确选项大量落在 -tion/-sion、-ity、-ness 三大后缀的抽象名词上;本单元用后缀家族串起 50 词,与 Unit33-高频抽象名词二(-ment/-ance(-ence)/-ure 家族)互补,方法论词见 Unit12-逻辑连接词
  • 学法:按"动词→名词"的派生关系成串记(implement→implementation),先回忆动词再记名词;重点记介词搭配(implication for、susceptibility to 等);学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
implication/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 含意;可能的影响;牵连the implications of the policy 政策的深远影响;by implication 含蓄地;例句:The findings have far-reaching implications for public health. 这些发现对公共卫生有深远影响。imply 的名词;复数常指"深远影响",阅读选项高频替换 effect
conception/kənˈsepʃn/n. 概念;构想;受孕the conception of time 时间概念;例句:The study challenges our conception of memory. 该研究挑战了我们对记忆的概念。conceive 的名词;与 concept(概念)区分:conception 强调"形成过程"
presumption/prɪˈzʌmpʃn/n. 假定;推测;傲慢the presumption of innocence 无罪推定;例句:There is a strong presumption in favor of the existing system. 存在强烈的支持现行制度的推定。presume 的名词;法律语境"推定"高频
intervention/ˌɪntərˈvenʃn/n. 干预;介入government intervention 政府干预;military intervention 军事干预;例句:Early intervention prevents reading problems from escalating. 早期干预可防止阅读问题恶化。intervene 的名词;inter(之间)+ vent(来):插到中间来
implementation/ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃn/n. 实施;执行the implementation of the reform 改革的实施;例句:The law's implementation has been delayed by funding disputes. 该法律的实施因经费争议被推迟。implement v. 实施(勿与"工具"本义混淆);policy implementation 政策执行
transformation/ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn/n. 转变;变革a dramatic transformation 翻天覆地的变化;economic transformation 经济转型;例句:Digital technology brought about the transformation of retail. 数字技术带来了零售业的转型。transform 的名词;trans(转换)+ form(形态)
distinction/dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/n. 区分;差别;卓越draw a distinction between A and B 区分 A 与 B;a subtle distinction 细微差别;例句:The report draws a distinction between correlation and causation. 报告区分了相关与因果。distinct 的名词;与 difference 相比更强调"值得注意的差别"
dimension/daɪˈmenʃn/n. 维度;方面;尺寸a new dimension to the debate 辩论的新维度;the moral dimension 道德层面;例句:Remote work adds a new dimension to team management. 远程办公给团队管理增添了新维度。与 dimension reduction(降维,408 语汇)同源;"方面"义社科高频
aspiration/ˌæspəˈreɪʃn/n. 渴望;抱负career aspirations 职业抱负;aspirations for a better life 对美好生活的向往;例句:The survey asked young people about their career aspirations. 调查询问了年轻人的职业抱负。aspire 的名词;ad-(朝向)+ spir(呼吸):朝着目标呼吸
ambiguity/ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːəti/n. 模糊性;歧义legal ambiguity 法律上的模糊地带;例句:The contract's ambiguity led to years of litigation. 合同的歧义引发了多年诉讼。ambiguous 的名词;ambi(两边)+ gu(引导):两边都引——两可
clarity/ˈklærəti/n. 清晰;明了clarity of thought 思路清晰;with clarity 清晰地;例句:The report explains the risks with unusual clarity. 该报告异常清晰地解释了风险。clear 的名词(-ity 加于形容词后);反义 ambiguity,常在同文对照出现
complexity/kəmˈpleksəti/n. 复杂性the complexity of the system 系统的复杂性;例句:Users underestimate the complexity of the migration. 用户低估了迁移的复杂性。complex 的名词;与 complicated(掺杂人为因素的复杂)辨析
feasibility/ˌfiːzəˈbɪləti/n. 可行性a feasibility study 可行性研究;例句:The city commissioned a feasibility study for the tunnel. 该市委托了对隧道的可行性研究。feasible(可行的)+ -ity;feas 做 + ible 能做
vulnerability/ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/n. 易受伤害性;脆弱性;漏洞vulnerability to attacks 易受攻击;security vulnerabilities 安全漏洞;例句:Poverty increases vulnerability to natural disasters. 贫困加剧了受灾脆弱性。vulnerable 的名词;源自拉丁语"受伤";408 安全语境"漏洞"义高频
reliability/rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪləti/n. 可靠性the reliability of the data 数据的可靠性;test-retest reliability 重测信度;例句:Small samples cast doubt on the reliability of the findings. 小样本令结论的可靠性存疑。reliable 的名词;与 validity(效度)相对——研究方法类文章固定对照
precedent/ˈpresɪdənt/n. 先例;惯例set a precedent for future cases 为今后案件确立先例;例句:The ruling set a precedent for data privacy lawsuits. 该裁决为数据隐私诉讼确立了先例。pre(前)+ ced(走):走在前面的事;勿与 president 混淆
stability/stəˈbɪləti/n. 稳定(性)political stability 政治稳定;financial stability 金融稳定;例句:Investors prize stability over quick returns. 投资者重视稳定甚于快速回报。stable 的名词;反义 instability(不稳定)常成对出现
intensity/ɪnˈtensəti/n. 强度;强烈the intensity of the storm 风暴强度;training intensity 训练强度;例句:The intensity of debate surprised the moderators. 辩论的激烈程度令主持人吃惊。intense 的名词;in-(向内)+ tend(伸展):绷紧
superiority/suːˌpɪriˈɔːrəti/n. 优越(性);优势a sense of superiority 优越感;technological superiority 技术优势;例句:The study questions the supposed superiority of private schools. 该研究质疑了私立学校所谓的优越性。superior 的名词;与 inferiority(劣势)相对
priority/praɪˈɔːrəti/n. 优先事项;优先权a top priority 头等大事;give priority to 优先考虑;例句:Road safety must remain a top priority. 道路安全必须仍是头等大事。prior(在前的)+ -ity;prioritize v. 排优先级(工程直觉可迁移)
necessity/nəˈsesəti/n. 必要性;必需品the necessity of reform 改革的必要性;out of necessity 出于需要;例句:Working from home became a necessity, not a perk. 居家办公成了必需而非福利。necessary 的名词;复数 necessaries 指生活必需品
capacity/kəˈpæsəti/n. 容量;能力;身份production capacity 产能;in one's capacity as... 以……的身份;例句:The plant doubled its capacity in two years. 该厂两年内产能翻倍。cap(容纳)+ -acity;三义串联:容器容量→人能力→正式身份
propensity/prəˈpensəti/n. 倾向;习性a propensity for risk-taking 冒险倾向;例句:The data shows a propensity to underestimate long-term costs. 数据显示人们倾向于低估长期成本。与 tendency(一般趋势)相比更指个人习性;a propensity to/for
entity/ˈentəti/n. 实体;独立存在物a separate legal entity 独立法人实体;例句:The subsidiary operates as a separate entity. 该子公司作为独立实体运营。ent(存在,同 entity in data modeling 数据建模实体);工程语境"实体"直觉可用
utility/juːˈtɪləti/n. 效用;功用;公用事业marginal utility 边际效用;public utilities 公用事业;例句:The law regulates the rates charged by public utilities. 该法律规范公用事业的收费。utilize 的名词;经济学"效用"与"公用事业"双义
awareness/əˈwernəs/n. 意识;认识raise public awareness 提高公众意识;environmental awareness 环保意识;例句:The campaign raised awareness of food waste. 该活动提高了公众对食物浪费的认识。aware + -ness;raise/increase awareness 为固定搭配
willingness/ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/n. 意愿a willingness to change 改变的意愿;例句:Her willingness to admit mistakes won over the team. 她愿意认错,赢得了团队。willing + -ness;后接不定式 to do,阅读选项常替换 readiness
effectiveness/ɪˈfektɪvnəs/n. 有效性;效果cost effectiveness 成本效益;the effectiveness of the vaccine 疫苗的有效性;例句:Researchers measured the effectiveness of the new curriculum. 研究者测量了新课程的有效性。effective + -ness;与 efficiency(效率)辨析:做得对 vs 做得快
readiness/ˈredinəs/n. 准备就绪;意愿in readiness for 为……做好准备;readiness to learn 学习意愿;例句:The system is in readiness for the holiday traffic. 系统已为假日流量做好准备。ready + -ness;"意愿"义与 willingness 近义
consciousness/ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/n. 知觉;意识;觉悟stream of consciousness 意识流;public consciousness 公众意识;例句:The issue has entered public consciousness. 该问题已进入公众意识。conscious + -ness;raise consciousness 提高觉悟
likelihood/ˈlaɪklihʊd/n. 可能性the likelihood of failure 失败的可能性;in all likelihood 十有八九;例句:The likelihood of a rate cut has risen. 降息的可能性上升了。likely + -hood(名词后缀,同 neighborhood);选项常替换 probability
hardship/ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/n. 艰难;困苦economic hardship 经济困难;endure great hardship 饱尝艰辛;例句:Drought brought severe hardship to farming communities. 干旱给农业社区带来严重困苦。hard + -ship(名词后缀);不可数为主
milestone/ˈmaɪlstoʊn/n. 里程碑;转折点a milestone in the history of... ……史上的里程碑;例句:The treaty marked a milestone in arms control. 该条约标志着军控史上的里程碑。mile + stone:路旁记里程的石头→工程直觉"里程碑"义可直接迁移
inclination/ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/n. 倾向;意愿;斜度an inclination to agree 倾向于同意;例句:He showed no inclination to apologize. 他毫无道歉的意思。incline 的名词;in-(向)+ clin(倾斜,同 decline);inclination to do
endeavor/ɪnˈdevər/n./v. 努力;尝试a joint endeavor 共同努力;scientific endeavors 科学事业;例句:Mapping the genome was a decades-long endeavor. 基因组测序是一项数十年的事业。en- + deavor(职责):尽责做事;写作可用 endeavor to do 替换 try to
emergence/ɪˈmɜːrdʒəns/n. 出现;兴起the emergence of new technologies 新技术的兴起;例句:The emergence of streaming reshaped the music industry. 流媒体的兴起重塑了音乐产业。emerge 的名词;勿与 emergency(紧急情况)混淆
watershed/ˈwɔːtərʃed/n. (僻)分水岭;转折点a watershed moment 转折性时刻;例句:The scandal was a watershed in public trust. 该丑闻是公众信任的分水岭。water + shed(分流):分水岭→喻重大转折;与 drainage basin 同源(19 单元地貌义)
corollary/ˈkɔːrəleri/n. 必然结果;推论a corollary of economic growth 经济增长的必然结果;例句:Rising inequality is a corollary of the policy. 不平等加剧是该政策的必然结果。cor-(共同)+ roll(转):随之转动的事;a corollary of
interaction/ˌɪntərˈækʃn/n. 互动;相互作用the interaction between genes and environment 基因与环境的交互作用;例句:The app analyzes user interaction patterns. 该应用分析用户交互模式。interact 的名词;交互设计语境直觉可迁移
cohesion/koʊˈhiːʒən/n. 凝聚力;结合social cohesion 社会凝聚力;例句:Shared rituals strengthen group cohesion. 共同的仪式增强群体凝聚力。co-(共同)+ hes(粘连,同 adhesive 胶水);social cohesion 社科高频
pitfall/ˈpɪtfɔːl/n. 陷阱;隐患the pitfalls of relying on averages 依赖平均数的隐患;例句:The guide lists common pitfalls in project management. 指南列出了项目管理的常见陷阱。pit(坑)+ fall(落):一脚踏空之处
tenet/ˈtenɪt/n. 信条;原则a core tenet of the theory 该理论的核心信条;例句:Free inquiry is a central tenet of academia. 自由探索是学术界的核心信条。ten(持有):被持守的原则;重音在第一音节,勿读成 tenant(房客)
causality/kɔːˈzæləti/n. 因果关系causality between A and B A 与 B 之间的因果关系;例句:The study establishes correlation but not causality. 该研究确立了相关而非因果。causal(因果的)+ -ity;correlation vs causality 是社科阅读定番对照
underpinning/ˈʌndərpɪnɪŋ/n. 基础;支撑(常复数)the theoretical underpinnings 理论基础;例句:Data standards form the underpinnings of the platform. 数据标准构成平台的基础。under + pin(钉住):底部钉牢的支撑;工程直觉"底层支撑"可迁移
compatibility/kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti/n. 兼容性;相容backward compatibility 向后兼容;例句:The new protocol ensures compatibility with older devices. 新协议确保与旧设备兼容。compatible 的名词;工程语境直觉直接可用;性格"合得来"义亦考
dichotomy/daɪˈkɑːtəmi/n. 二分法;对立a false dichotomy between growth and fairness 增长与公平的虚假对立;例句:The debate rejects the dichotomy of nature versus nurture. 这场辩论否弃了先天与后天的二分。dicho(分成两半)+ tomy(切);a dichotomy between A and B
anomaly/əˈnɑːməli/n. 异常;反常(事物)a statistical anomaly 统计异常;例句:The sales spike turned out to be an anomaly. 销售激增最终证明是反常现象。an-(不)+ nom(法则):不合法则之事;anomalous adj. 异常的
impetus/ˈɪmpɪtəs/n. 推动力;动量give (an) impetus to... 给……以推动;例句:The scandal gave fresh impetus to the reform. 丑闻给改革注入了新动力。im-(向)+ pet(冲,同 appetite 追求):向目标冲的力量;复数 impetus es 不常用
repercussion/ˌriːpərˈkʌʃn/n. (常复数)反响;深远影响the repercussions of the decision 决定的深远影响;例句:The pay cut had repercussions for staff morale. 降薪影响了员工士气。re-(回)+ percus(敲):敲出的回声→连锁反应;常复数出现
scenario/səˈnærioʊ/n. 设想;情景;方案a worst-case scenario 最坏情况;under this scenario 在此情景下;例句:Under the pessimistic scenario, output falls by 5%. 悲观情景下产出下降 5%。scen(舞台,同 scene):舞台上的布景→假设情景;工程直觉"场景"可迁移

自测(10 题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. set a precedent for future cases
  2. a worst-case scenario
  3. social cohesion
  4. the theoretical underpinnings

第 5-7 题:选词填空(从本单元词表选词的适当形式填空)

  1. The law's ______ has been delayed by funding disputes.(实施)
  2. Researchers measured the ______ of the new vaccine.(有效性)
  3. Rising inequality is a ______ of the tax policy.(必然结果)

第 8 题:介词填空

  1. The findings have far-reaching implications ______ public health.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用上括号内的词)

  1. 早期干预可防止阅读问题恶化。(intervention)
  2. 该报告区分了相关与因果。(distinction)
答案与解析
  1. 为今后的案件确立先例。【考点:搭配中译;难度:中;错因提醒:precedent(先例)与 president 拼写形近;set a precedent 为固定搭配】
  2. 最坏情况/最坏情景。【考点:搭配中译;难度:易;错因提醒:worst-case scenario 为风险类文章高频搭配】
  3. 社会凝聚力。【考点:搭配中译;难度:中;错因提醒:cohesion(凝聚)勿与 coercion(强制)混淆】
  4. 理论基础。【考点:搭配中译;难度:中;错因提醒:underpinning 表"基础"时常复数 underpinnings】
  5. implementation。【考点:选词填空;难度:中;错因提醒:implement v. 实施(名词义"工具"为僻义);此处需名词形式】
  6. effectiveness。【考点:选词填空;难度:中;错因提醒:与 efficiency(效率)辨析:effectiveness 指"达到目标的效果"】
  7. corollary。【考点:选词填空;难度:中;错因提醒:a corollary of... 固定搭配,指"随之而来的必然结果"】
  8. for。【考点:介词搭配;难度:中;错因提醒:implications for...(对……的影响)固定搭配;勿误用 of/on】
  9. Early intervention prevents reading problems from escalating.【考点:汉译英;难度:中;错因提醒:prevent... from doing 固定结构;escalate(恶化、升级)】
  10. The report draws a distinction between correlation and causation.【考点:汉译英;难度:中;错因提醒:draw a distinction between A and B 固定搭配;causation/causality 均可】