考研之路

真题高频短语速查表

考点定位

  • 大纲依据：考研英语大纲词表中的固定搭配（短语动词 + 介词搭配），是阅读词义替换、完形固定搭配题、翻译踩分点的直接来源
  • 影响题型：完形填空（直接考搭配）、阅读（正确项常以短语同义替换原文）、翻译（短语误译直接丢分）
  • 考查频率：高。本表收录约 160 条考研阅读/完形/翻译最高频的动词短语与介词搭配
  • 使用方式：本表是词汇策略与分层记忆的速查配套，定位是"查"与"循环复习"，不要求一次背完。建议每天过 20 条 + 例句，混入 D-1/D-4/D-7 复习队列

记忆单位是"短语 + 义项 + 搭配语境"三件套：完形考的是空格前后哪个介词能接上，阅读考的是短语整体词义，翻译考的是义项选对。同一个短语有多个义项时，本表把考研考过的义项排在前面，斜杠分隔的义项按出现频率排序。

一、take 系

短语释义例句或搭配
take on承担；呈现；雇用take on new responsibilities 承担新职责；take on a new look 呈现新面貌
take over接管，接收take over the company 接管公司
take in欺骗；吸收（信息）；收留be taken in by the ads 被广告欺骗；take in new ideas 吸收新观点
take up占据（时间/空间）；开始从事take up much time 占大量时间；take up photography 开始学摄影
take ... into account把…考虑在内take costs into account 把成本考虑进去（= take ... into consideration）
take ... for granted认为理所当然take it for granted that... 想当然地认为
take effect生效，起作用the new law takes effect 新法生效
take steps/measures采取措施take measures to curb inflation 采取措施遏制通胀
take advantage of利用（机会）；占…便宜take advantage of the discount 利用折扣
take offense at对…生气、见怪take offense at the remark 对这话感到被冒犯

二、put 系

短语释义例句或搭配
put forward提出（观点、计划）put forward a proposal 提出提案
put off推迟；使反感put off the meeting 推迟会议；be put off by the smell 被气味熏得反感
put up with忍受，容忍put up with the noise 忍受噪音
put down镇压；记下；放下put down the rebellion 镇压叛乱；put it down in writing 记下来
put ... into practice付诸实践put the theory into practice 把理论付诸实践
put pressure on对…施压put pressure on the government 向政府施压

三、turn 系

短语释义例句或搭配
turn out (to be)结果是，证明是；生产it turned out that... 结果是…；turn out cars 生产汽车
turn to求助于；转向；变成turn to the experts for advice 向专家求教
turn down拒绝；调低turn down the offer 拒绝录用通知；turn down the volume 调低音量
turn up出现，露面；调高he failed to turn up 他没露面
turn ... into把…变成turn waste into fuel 把废料变燃料
turn around扭转（局面、业绩）turn around the failing business 扭转亏损的生意

四、come 系

短语释义例句或搭配
come across偶然遇到；（似乎）显得come across an old report 偶然发现一份旧报告
come up with想出，提出（方案）come up with a solution 想出解决办法
come to总计为；苏醒；谈到the cost comes to $1 billion 费用总计十亿美元；when it comes to... 谈到…时
come about发生，产生how did the change come about? 这一变化是怎么发生的？
come into being/existence形成，产生the system came into being in the 1990s 该体系形成于上世纪九十年代
come to terms with接受（现实），妥协come to terms with the loss 接受损失这一事实

五、go 系

短语释义例句或搭配
go through经历；仔细检查；被通过go through a downturn 经历衰退；go through the data 仔细查看数据
go against违背；对…不利go against the rules 违反规则；the evidence goes against him 证据对他不利
go beyond超出，超越go beyond the original plan 超出原计划范围
go into进入；深入探究go into detail(s) 详细展开
go over审查，核对；复习go over the figures 核对数字
go in for参加（考试/活动）；爱好go in for the contest 参加比赛

六、get 系

短语释义例句或搭配
get over克服；从…中恢复get over the setback 克服挫折
get across使被理解，讲清楚get the message across to the public 让公众理解这一信息
get along with与…相处；进展get along well with colleagues 与同事相处融洽
get rid of摆脱，除去get rid of bad habits 改掉坏习惯
get used to习惯于（to 为介词，接动名词）get used to working remotely 习惯远程工作
get through度过（难关）；完成；接通电话get through the crisis 度过危机；get through the workload 完成工作量

七、bring 系

短语释义例句或搭配
bring about导致，引起bring about change 带来变化
bring up抚养；提出（话题）be brought up in the countryside 在乡下长大；bring up the question 提出问题
bring down降低；打倒bring down the cost 降低成本；bring down the government 推翻政府
bring forward提出；提前bring forward evidence 提出证据
bring in引入；带来（收益）bring in new technology 引进新技术
bring out推出（产品）；使显现bring out a new model 推出新型号；bring out the best in sb 激发某人最好的一面

八、break 系

短语释义例句或搭配
break down出故障；崩溃；分解negotiations broke down 谈判破裂；break down the task 把任务拆解
break through突破break through the barrier 突破障碍
break up解体；拆分；结束the company was broken up 公司被拆分
break away from脱离，挣脱break away from the tradition 摆脱传统

九、carry 系

短语释义例句或搭配
carry out执行，实施carry out a survey/research 开展调查/研究（考研高频）
carry on继续进行carry on with the work 继续工作
carry through贯彻完成；使渡过难关carry the plan through 把计划贯彻到底
be carried away被冲昏头脑，忘乎所以be carried away by success 被成功冲昏头脑

十、hold 系

短语释义例句或搭配
hold back阻碍；抑制；隐瞒hold back economic growth 阻碍经济增长；hold back tears 忍住眼泪
hold on坚持；稍等hold on to one's beliefs 坚持自己的信念
hold up阻滞，延误；支撑traffic was held up 交通受阻；hold up the roof 支撑屋顶
hold out坚持（抵抗）；提供（希望）hold out hope for a deal 对达成协议抱有希望

十一、set 系

短语释义例句或搭配
set up建立，设立set up a committee 成立委员会
set out出发；着手（set out to do）set out to reform the system 着手改革该体系
set off引发；出发set off a debate 引发争论
set aside留出；搁置；驳回set aside funds 拨出资金；set aside differences 搁置分歧
set about开始做（接动名词）set about solving the problem 着手解决问题

十二、stand 系

短语释义例句或搭配
stand for代表；主张；容忍the acronym stands for... 该缩写代表…
stand out突出，杰出stand out among peers 在同龄人中出类拔萃
stand up for维护，捍卫stand up for one's rights 维护自己的权利
stand up to勇敢面对；经得起stand up to pressure 顶住压力；stand up to scrutiny 经得起检验

十三、look 系

短语释义例句或搭配
look into调查，研究look into the cause of the accident 调查事故原因
look on/upon ... as把…看作look on AI as a tool 把 AI 视作工具
look up to尊敬，敬仰look up to the pioneers 敬仰先驱们
look down on/upon轻视，看不起look down on manual labor 轻视体力劳动
look forward to期待（to 为介词，接名词/动名词）look forward to hearing from you 期待回音
look to指望；展望look to the future 展望未来

十四、make 系

短语释义例句或搭配
make up编造；组成；和解make up an excuse 编造借口；women make up 40% of the staff 女性占员工的 40%
make up for弥补，补偿make up for lost time 弥补失去的时间
make out辨认出；理解make out the handwriting 辨认笔迹
make sense有道理，讲得通the theory makes sense 该理论说得通
make a difference有影响，起作用make a difference to the outcome 对结果产生影响
make a fool of愚弄make a fool of oneself 出丑

十五、keep 系

短语释义例句或搭配
keep up with跟上，保持同步keep up with the latest research 跟上最新研究
keep track of追踪，掌握动态keep track of expenses 记录开支
keep ... from阻止；对…隐瞒keep the news from the public 对公众隐瞒消息
keep on继续（接动名词）keep on trying 继续尝试
keep ... in mind记住keep the deadline in mind 记住截止日期
keep abreast of及时了解keep abreast of technological change 及时了解技术变化

十六、cut 系

短语释义例句或搭配
cut off切断（供应、联系）be cut off from the Internet 断网
cut down on削减，减少cut down on spending 削减开支

十七、draw 系

短语释义例句或搭配
draw on/upon利用，凭借draw on previous experience 凭借以往经验
draw up起草，制订draw up a contract 起草合同
draw a conclusion得出结论draw a conclusion from the data 从数据得出结论
draw attention to引起对…的注意draw attention to the risk 引起对该风险的注意

十八、fall 系

短语释义例句或搭配
fall behind落后fall behind competitors 落后于竞争对手
fall apart崩溃，瓦解the deal fell apart 交易告吹
fall back on依靠（退路）fall back on savings 依靠积蓄
fall into归入；陷入fall into the category of... 归入…类别
fall short of未达到（目标、期望）fall short of expectations 未达预期（考研高频）

十九、lay 系

短语释义例句或搭配
lay off解雇（因岗位裁减）be laid off from the factory 被工厂裁员
lay out布置；清晰阐述lay out the plan 阐明计划
lay/put/place emphasis on强调lay emphasis on prevention 强调预防
lay the foundation for为…打基础lay the foundation for growth 为增长奠定基础

二十、give 系

短语释义例句或搭配
give rise to引起，导致give rise to concern 引起担忧（= lead to / result in）
give way to让位于；向…屈服give way to digital media 让位于数字媒体
give in (to)（向…）让步，屈服give in to pressure 屈服于压力
give off释放（气味、热量）give off a strange smell 散发怪味
give up放弃；交出give up smoking 戒烟

二十一、work / run 系

短语释义例句或搭配
work out解决；产生（好）结果；锻炼things will work out 事情会好起来的；work out a compromise 达成折中方案
work on致力于work on a cure 攻关疗法
run into偶遇；遭遇（困难、债务）run into trouble/debt 陷入困境/债务
run out of用完，耗尽run out of options 别无选择
run for竞选run for president 竞选总统

二十二、call / pass 系

短语释义例句或搭配
call for需要；呼吁the task calls for patience 这项任务需要耐心；call for action 呼吁采取行动
call off取消call off the strike 取消罢工
call on/upon号召；拜访call on citizens to save energy 号召市民节能
pass on传递；传授pass on the skills to the next generation 把技艺传给下一代

二十三、高频动词 + 介词固定搭配（完形重点区）

短语释义例句或搭配
account for解释，说明（原因）；（比例上）占account for 30% of sales 占销售额三成；account for the decline 解释下滑原因
attribute A to B把 A 归因于 Battribute success to hard work 把成功归于努力
contribute to促成，有助于；撰稿contribute to the crisis 加剧危机
subscribe to订阅；赞同（观点）subscribe to the view 赞同这一观点
comply with遵守（规则、标准）comply with the regulations 遵守规章
conform to符合；遵照conform to the standard 符合标准
abide by遵守（协议、法律）abide by the rules 遵守规则
adhere to坚持；粘附；遵循adhere to the principle 坚守原则
coincide with与…一致；恰逢coincide with the holiday 恰逢假期
correspond to/with与…相当；相符；通信correspond to reality 符合实际
resort to诉诸，求助于（多为不好手段）resort to legal action 诉诸法律
submit to提交给；屈从于submit the paper to the journal 把论文投给期刊
yield to屈服于；让位于yield to public pressure 屈服于公众压力
amount to总计；等同于amount to an admission of failure 等于承认失败
object to反对（to 为介词）object to the plan 反对该计划
appeal to吸引；呼吁；上诉appeal to young readers 吸引年轻读者
allow for考虑到，把…算进去allow for possible delays 把可能的延误考虑在内
deprive sb of sth剥夺某人某物be deprived of education 被剥夺受教育机会
inform sb of sth通知某人某事inform the staff of the change 把变动通知员工
accuse sb of sth指控某人某事be accused of fraud 被控诈骗
dispose of处理掉，清除dispose of the waste 处理废弃物

二十四、因果与来源（翻译高频区分组）

短语释义例句或搭配
result in导致（前因后果）the error resulted in huge losses 这一错误造成巨大损失
result from由…造成（前果后因）the losses resulted from the error 损失源于该错误
arise from由…引起，起源于problems arising from poor management 由管理不善引发的问题
stem from源于the debate stems from a misreading 这场争论源于误读
derive from源自；从…获得the word derives from Latin 该词源自拉丁语
originate from/in起源于the tradition originates in the 18th century 该传统起源于十八世纪
suffer from患…病；遭受suffer from chronic pain 饱受慢性疼痛折磨
benefit from从…受益benefit from the policy 从该政策中受益
protect ... from保护…免受protect children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害
prevent ... from阻止…做prevent the disease from spreading 阻止疾病传播
distinguish ... from区分…与distinguish fact from opinion 区分事实与观点
tell A from B辨别 A 与 Btell right from wrong 分辨是非

二十五、功能介词短语（逻辑关系信号词）

短语释义例句或搭配
be subject to易受到…；受…支配（表易感性）prices are subject to change 价格可能变动；be subject to criticism 易受批评
be subjected to遭受，经受（被施加）be subjected to intense scrutiny 受到严格审查（与上条区分，词汇与完形·章节测 补充题组考过）
at the expense of以牺牲…为代价growth at the expense of the environment 以牺牲环境换取增长（阅读高频）
in terms of在…方面，就…而言in terms of cost 就成本而言
in favor of赞成；有利于vote in favor of the proposal 投票支持该提案
for the sake of为了…（的利益）for the sake of accuracy 为准确起见
in that因为，在于（引导原因状语从句）the plan is flawed in that it ignores cost 该计划的缺陷在于忽视了成本
regardless of不顾，不管regardless of the consequences 不顾后果
on behalf of代表speak on behalf of the team 代表团队发言
in accordance with依照，与…一致in accordance with the law 依法
by means of借助，通过by means of technology 借助技术手段
by virtue of凭借，由于by virtue of its location 凭借其区位
apart from / aside from除…之外（还）；除…之外（别无）apart from the salary, the job offers flexibility 除薪水外，这份工作还很灵活
other than除了（用于否定语境）；不同于there is no choice other than to wait 除了等待别无选择
prior to在…之前prior to the reform 改革之前
with regard to关于，就…而言with regard to the budget 至于预算

常见坑

  1. result in / result from 方向反记：in 后接结果，from 后接原因。翻译题把方向弄反是整句丢分
  2. to 的词性陷阱：look forward to、object to、be used to、subscribe to 中的 to 都是介词，后面接名词或动名词，不能接动词原形
  3. be subject to / be subjected to：前者表"易受/须服从"（形容词短语），后者表"使遭受"（被动语态），完形与翻译都爱考这个区分
  4. 短语整体词义不可字面拼：take in（欺骗）、make out（辨认出）、put up with（忍受）都猜不出，必须整体记
  5. 多义项只记第一个：turn out（结果是/生产）、account for（解释/占比）这类双义项短语，真题两个义项都考过，缺一个就掉坑

自测（答案与简析见文末）

  1. The new regulations will ___ effect next month.（take / put / come）
  2. 完形：The policy promotes efficiency ___ the expense of fairness.（at / in / by）
  3. 翻译判断方向：A results from B，谁是原因？
  4. She couldn't put up ___ the constant interruptions.（with / to / for）
  5. The country's exports ___ ___ 40% of its GDP.（两词短语，"占比"）

答案与简析

  1. take。固定搭配 take effect（生效），put / come 不与 effect 构成此搭配。考点：固定搭配；难度：易
  2. at。固定搭配 at the expense of（以牺牲…为代价）。考点：介词搭配；难度：易
  3. B 是原因。result from = 由…造成，主语是结果；若要 A 作原因应写 A results in B。考点：因果方向；难度：中；错因提醒：与 result in 混淆是翻译整句丢分的典型原因
  4. with。put up with（忍受）是三词动词短语，介词不可替换。考点：固定搭配；难度：易
  5. account for。account for 40% of GDP 占 GDP 的四成；注意它还有"解释（原因）"义。考点：一词多义；难度：中