#写作 · 章节测 · 答案与解析

本页为《写作 章节测》的答案、解析与参考范文，独立成页便于自测时不泄露答案。已锁定英语一（2026-10-15 决断），大作文以图画作文为主；图表作文范文保留作换校预案备用。

#一、格式与规则判断

#第 1 题：B

• 考点标签：小作文称呼与落款匹配规则
• 难度：易
• 解析：收信人身份不明用 Dear Sir or Madam,（逗号），落款用 Yours faithfully；知姓名才用 Dear Mr. X + Yours sincerely。
• 错因提醒：C 是最常见的搭配错误——"身份不明 + sincerely"阅卷直接按格式失误记；规则源出传统书信礼仪：知道姓名（sincere 诚意可指名）vs 不知姓名（faithful 忠实于未谋面者）。

#第 2 题：D

• 考点标签：Notice 体的格式
• 难度：易
• 解析：通知体无称呼无敬语：居中标题 NOTICE、正文要素罗列、末尾联系方式/署名，无 Yours faithfully。
• 错因提醒：把所有应用文都当"信"来写是惯性错误；Notice 是告示不是书信。

#第 3 题：A

• 考点标签：题面指令的格式执行
• 难度：易
• 解析：三条指令逐项执行：署名用 Li Ming、不写真名、不写地址。
• 错因提醒：D 违反"Do not write the address"；写地址、写真名都是无视题面指令的硬伤，直接掉档。

#第 4 题：B

• 考点标签：a number of / the number of 主谓一致
• 难度：中
• 解析：a number of + 复数名词 = "许多"（谓语复数）；the number of = "……的数量"（谓语单数）。
• 错因提醒：这是写作扣分点清单里的高频项，两个短语中文都常译"许多/数量"，靠"of 后的核心词"判断：核心是 students（复数可数）还是 number（单数）。

#第 5 题：B

• 考点标签：逗号拼接句（run-on）
• 难度：易
• 解析：两个独立句不能用逗号直接相连；最优修正是逗号 + 并列连词（yet 表转折，正好承接"简单却有意义"）。
• 错因提醒：也可以拆成两句或用分号；错误类型认成时态/主谓（A、C）说明 run-on 意识缺失——这是中式写作的标志性问题。

#第 6 题：B

• 考点标签：连词叠用
• 难度：易
• 解析：Although 与 but 在标准英语中二选一；删 but 后 although 从句照常。
• 错因提醒：A 也可接受但改变了让步重心；C 三连更是叠用加强版；中式英语里 because...so / although...but 同源同病，一并自查。

#二、改错与润色

#第 7 题

• 考点标签：there be + believe 中式结构
• 难度：易
• 修正：Many people believe that remote work is here to stay.
• 解析：people 就是主语，there be 与实义动词 believe 抢占主语位置是典型的"多此一举"。
• 错因提醒：中文"有很多人认为"直译产物；改法二是 to believe 不定式（There are many people who believe...），啰嗦，首选直接删 there be。

#第 8 题

• 考点标签：learn knowledge 搭配错误
• 难度：易
• 修正：Students can gain much knowledge / learn a great deal from this course.
• 解析：knowledge 不作 learn 的宾语（英语习惯：gain/acquire knowledge，learn things/a great deal）。
• 错因提醒：搭配类错误在阅卷中按"用词错误"累计，两三处即降档；此类"动词+名词"硬搭配需整块记忆。

#第 9 题

• 考点标签：图表描述的时态基调
• 难度：中
• 修正：The chart shows the number of users: it was about 2 million in 2015, and by 2024 it had reached 8 million.（若图表为预测数据，可写 it is expected to reach 8 million by 2024）
• 解析：有明确年份的历史数据用过去时；"by 2024 已达"用过去完成时锚定；2024 是已发生的事实，不能用 will。
• 错因提醒："一篇之内锚定基调"：常态趋势现在时、历史数据过去时、官方预测 is expected/forecast to——三套时态各自归位，混搭是图表作文的头号语法失分。

#第 10 题

• 考点标签：死模板识别
• 难度：中
• 修正（方向示例）：The chart illustrates a steady rise in public attention to personal health. 或 The chart tracks how many respondents report paying attention to their health, a share that has nearly doubled.
• 解析：As is vividly shown 是阅卷人一眼识别的最低档模板（vividly 对图表毫无信息量）；more and more people 同属空泛主体。正确做法：直接履行描述职责——什么图表、什么主题、什么趋势。
• 错因提醒：模板句的问题不是"语法错"而是"千人一面 + 与题目松耦合"；凡任何题目都能套的句子，对任何题目都没有得分力。

#第 11 题

• 考点标签：中式英语综合改写
• 难度：中
• 修正：As society/economy develops, living standards keep rising.（或 ...have been rising steadily）
• 解析：三处错连发：泛指 society 不加 the；life level 是生造词（living standards 才是地道表达）；higher and higher 中式递进（keep rising / rise steadily）。
• 错因提醒：这句是"With the development of..."开山模板的完整形态——首句即模板 + 搭配错误 + 冠词错误，阅卷人会在前 10 秒内完成第一档位判断。

#第 12 题

• 考点标签：The reason is because 结构
• 难度：易
• 修正：The reason why the plan failed is that the team underestimated the cost.
• 解析：reason 与 because 语义重复（"原因是因为"）；标准搭配 reason...is that...。
• 错因提醒：同类错误：reason why...is because / the cause is due to——语义重复型中式结构，写作自查时专门扫描 reason/cause/because/due to 四个词。

#三、审题与框架

#第 13 题：A

• 考点标签：图画作文描述段职责
• 难度：中
• 解析：第 1 段只做客观描述（画面要素、主体动作、caption），把"这意味着什么"的结论留给第 3 段——结构分工即评分分工。
• 错因提醒：B 是最常见的越位：描述段抢答寓意，导致第 3 段无话可说只能复述，两段职责双输。

#第 14 题：B

• 考点标签：图表描述段要素
• 难度：易
• 解析：描述段的产出是"总体趋势 + 关键数据点"；全抄数据反而暴露不会概括（阅卷人要的是抽象能力）。
• 错因提醒：C 走另一个极端——不写任何数字同样失分，趋势必须有数据支撑才算"描述"。

#第 15 题：B

• 考点标签：论证段展开顺序
• 难度：中
• 解析：总起立论 → 衔接词分层展开（First/Beyond the obvious/What is often overlooked）→ 弱论据（普遍观察/调查方向）支撑，是第 2 段的标准骨架。
• 错因提醒：A 把第 3 段职责（建议呼吁）提前，B 选项中"弱论据"指普遍观察或调查方向——写作不要求真实文献，但"有论据意识"是档位区分点。

#第 16 题：B

• 考点标签：趋势动词的程度匹配
• 难度：中
• 解析："急剧上升后骤降"：surge（陡升）+ plummet（骤降）程度匹配；且 surge/plummet 一篇内各用一次即可。
• 错因提醒：C 的问题在 second half（slightly 与"骤降"不匹配）；程度递进组要成对记忆：rise↔fall（缓）、surge↔plummet（陡），混搭即错。

#四、应用文实操

#第 17 题（参考答案）

• 考点标签：建议信三段功能句
• 难度：中
• 参考清单：
  • 段 1：I am writing to suggest that the library extend its weekend opening hours.（自我介绍视情境：As a regular weekend visitor, ...）
  • 段 2：First, it would be worth considering that many members work on weekdays and can only visit on weekends. / I would also suggest that evening hours on Saturday would benefit students preparing for exams.（建议句轮换：I would suggest that... / It would be worth considering...）
  • 段 3：Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your reply.
• 错因提醒：建议信的语气基调是"客观、克制"——I strongly demand / You must 直接破坏语域；建议句用 would/It would be 的虚拟缓冲。

#第 18 题

• 考点标签：邀请信结构
• 难度：易
• 答案：② → ① → ③ → ④（自我介绍与目的 → 时间地点角色 → 请求回复确认 → 礼貌收尾）
• 解析：标准三段：第 1 段目的（②），第 2 段活动安排（①），第 3 段回复请求（③）+ 礼貌愿望（④）。③ 的截止日期（Please let me know by June 10）是邀请信的特有功能句，漏掉即失结构分。
• 错因提醒：把③放在段 2 开头（先催回复再给安排）逻辑颠倒——收信人先知道"为什么被邀请、安排是什么"才能决定是否回复。

#补充题组解析

#补-1

落款署名 Li Ming（不写真名）、不写地址、词数控制在约 100（90-110）；此外正常执行称呼/分段格式。

#补-2

"As is vividly shown" 是高频死模板（vividly 用于图表毫无信息量）；第 1 段应直接履行描述职责：什么图表、什么主题、总体趋势 + 关键数据。

#补-3

三处以上：There are many people believe（→ Many people believe）；逗号拼接句 moreover 前后应断句或用分号；the young people is（→ are，或删 the：young people are）。

#补-4

总结段原地复述没有信息增量，属于模板腔/结构缺陷；应换说法重申立场（重新聚焦或让步转折），再接建议/展望句。

#补-5

不采纳（这是反向替换）：原句具体、有画面感（engineers / rewrite their tools），LLM 改成了空泛的 people / adjust / instruments，违反"加具体"原则——批改闭环里必须人工过滤这类建议。

#参考范文一：小作文·建议信（模拟题，约 100 词）

Dear Sir or Madam,

As a regular weekend visitor to the city library, I am writing to suggest that the library extend its weekend opening hours.

Currently, the library closes at 5 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays, which leaves working members like me with barely two usable hours. It would be worth considering staying open until 8 p.m. on weekends, when students preparing for exams would also benefit from a quiet place to study. I would also suggest opening the study rooms first, so that the additional cost stays modest.

Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to your reply.

Yours faithfully, Li Ming

格式自查：称呼（身份不明 → Sir or Madam + faithfully）✓；三段结构 ✓；约 105 词 ✓；署名 Li Ming、无地址 ✓。

#参考范文二：英一图画作文（模拟题，约 185 词）

题目：两图对比。左图：一名学生一边"学习"一边刷着不断弹消息的手机；右图：一名工程师把手机反扣在桌上，专注工作。caption: "Depth beats distraction."

The cartoon presents a familiar scene in two panels: on the left, a student "studies" with one eye on his textbook and the other on a phone that keeps buzzing; on the right, an engineer flips his phone face-down and works with complete absorption. The caption reads: "Depth beats distraction."

The contrast is less about willpower than about design. In an economy where every app competes for the next five minutes of our attention, concentration has quietly become the scarcest professional resource. Those who can still protect a stretch of uninterrupted time—engineers, writers, researchers—consistently outperform those who cannot, not because they are smarter, but because deep work compounds while fragmented work merely accumulates.

What the painter conveys, then, is that focus is a choice before it is a talent. Rather than blaming our phones, we should redesign our environment around them: silence the notifications, schedule uninterrupted blocks, and let the tools serve the task instead of interrupting it.

结构自查：第 1 段纯描述（要素 + caption，无结论）✓；第 2 段总起句 + 分层论证 + 弱论据 ✓；第 3 段重申立场（换说法）+ 建议收尾 ✓；约 185 词 ✓。

#参考范文三：英二图表作文（模拟题，约 150 词）

题目：折线图——某市 2018-2024 年共享单车通勤者比例与私家车通勤者比例。

The line chart compares the share of commuters using shared bikes with that of those driving private cars in one city between 2018 and 2024. Over the period, bike-sharing rose steadily from 12% to a peak of 34% in 2022 before levelling off, while private-car commuting declined continuously from 45% to 28%. The two lines crossed in 2021, marking a reversal in the city's commuting habits.

Two factors plausibly lie behind the shift. First, as congestion worsened, driving lost much of its time advantage, whereas bike lanes expanded. Second, the pricing of shared bikes kept falling, making short trips by bike almost free compared with parking alone.

The trend suggests that commuting choices respond to costs and infrastructure rather than to habit alone. If the city keeps investing in cycling, the gap is likely to widen further.

结构自查：描述段趋势 + 三个关键数据（峰值 34%、交叉 2021、区间端点）✓；时态锚定（历史数据过去时、常态现在时）✓；约 150 词 ✓。