Unit09 教育与就业

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:教育与就业——考研阅读教育类、职场类文章(高等教育改革、职业教育、招聘求职、就业市场等)的骨架词。本单元聚焦学校教育与职业发展词汇,学术研究方法类词汇见 Unit01-学术研究与论证,商业运营类词汇见 Unit03-经济与商业
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
curriculum/kəˈrɪkjələm/n. 课程(体系)(复数 curricula)the national curriculum 全国性课程;例句:Coding has entered the school curriculum. 编程已进入学校课程。curr(跑,同 current):学生要"跑完"的课程路径
faculty/ˈfæklti/n. 全体教员;(大学的)院系;能力the faculty of law 法学院;例句:Faculty members voted to change the exam system. 教师们投票决定改革考试制度。fac(做):有做事能力的人聚成的集体
vocational/voʊˈkeɪʃnəl/adj. 职业的;职业培训的vocational training 职业培训;例句:Vocational schools prepare students for skilled trades. 职业学校为学生从事技术行业做准备。vocation(职业,尤指使命感)+ -al
recruit/rɪˈkruːt/v. 招聘;招收 n. 新成员recruit new staff 招聘新员工;例句:The firm recruits graduates every autumn. 该公司每年秋天招聘毕业生。re-(再)+ cruit(生长,同 grow):补充新生力量
unemployment/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/n. 失业;失业率unemployment rate 失业率;例句:Youth unemployment remains stubbornly high. 青年失业率仍然居高不下。un-(不)+ employ(雇用)+ -ment
qualification/ˌkwɑːlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 资格;资历;学历academic qualifications 学历;例句:The job requires a teaching qualification. 这份工作要求持有教师资格。qualify(使合格)+ -cation;动词 qualify for
graduate/ˈɡrædʒuət/ (n.); /ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ (v.)n. 毕业生 v. 毕业a college graduate 大学毕业生;例句:She graduated with honors in economics. 她以优异成绩毕业于经济学专业。grad(级):修完一级课程的人
undergraduate/ˌʌndərˈɡrædʒuət/n. 本科生 adj. 本科的undergraduate courses 本科课程;例句:Most undergraduates take out student loans. 多数本科生要借助学贷款。under(之下)+ graduate:还没毕业的
postgraduate/ˌpoʊstˈɡrædʒuət/n. 研究生 adj. 研究生的postgraduate study 研究生学习;例句:He returned to postgraduate study after five years at work. 工作五年后他回去读研。post(之后)+ graduate:本科毕业之后再读
tuition/tuˈɪʃn/n. 学费;教学tuition fees 学费;例句:Tuition fees have risen faster than inflation. 学费涨幅超过了通货膨胀。原指"讲授",美式英语转指学费
scholarship/ˈskɑːlərʃɪp/n. 奖学金;学问win a scholarship 获得奖学金;例句:She won a scholarship to study abroad. 她获得了出国留学的奖学金。scholar(学者)+ -ship;也指"学术研究"
diploma/dɪˈploʊmə/n. 文凭;毕业证书a high-school diploma 高中文凭;例句:Jobs now demand more than a diploma. 如今工作要求的不只是一纸文凭。dipl(对折的纸):折起来的证书
degree/dɪˈɡriː/n. 学位;程度a master's degree 硕士学位;例句:A degree no longer guarantees a job. 学位不再保证找到工作。to some degree(在某种程度上)亦是高频搭配
literacy/ˈlɪtərəsi/n. 读写能力;素养digital literacy 数字素养;例句:The program improves adult literacy. 该项目提升成年人读写能力。liter(文字,同 letter)+ -acy
compulsory/kəmˈpʌlsəri/adj. 义务的;强制的compulsory education 义务教育;例句:Schooling is compulsory until age 16. 十六岁前接受教育是强制性的。com-(共同)+ puls(推,同 push):一起推着做
discipline/ˈdɪsəplɪn/n. 学科;纪律 v. 惩戒an academic discipline 一门学科;例句:Self-discipline matters more than talent. 自律比天赋更重要。discipl(门徒):门徒须守规 → 学科须守规范
enrollment/ɪnˈroʊlmənt/n. 注册入学;入学人数college enrollment 大学入学人数;例句:Enrollment in teacher-training programs has fallen. 教师培训项目的入学人数下降。enroll(注册)+ -ment;enroll in a course
dropout/ˈdrɑːpaʊt/n. 辍学者;退出者a high dropout rate 高辍学率;例句:The city fights a high dropout rate in high schools. 该市着力解决高中高辍学率问题。drop out(中途退出)的名词形式
lecture/ˈlektʃər/n. 讲课;讲座 v. 讲课;训诫deliver a lecture 开讲座;例句:The professor lectures on modern history. 这位教授讲授现代史。lect(读,同 legible):原指"朗读"
syllabus/ˈsɪləbəs/n. 教学大纲(复数 syllabuses/syllabi)the exam syllabus 考试大纲;例句:The syllabus was updated to include AI. 大纲已更新,纳入了人工智能。搭配 set/follow the syllabus
extracurricular/ˌekstrəkəˈrɪkjələr/adj. 课外的extracurricular activities 课外活动;例句:Extracurricular activities boost college applications. 课外活动有助大学申请。extra(额外)+ curricular(课程的)
apprenticeship/əˈprentɪsʃɪp/n. 学徒期;见习期serve an apprenticeship 当学徒;例句:He served a three-year apprenticeship as a carpenter. 他当了三年木工学徒。apprentice(学徒)+ -ship
employment/ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/n. 就业;雇用full-time employment 全职工作;例句:The region gained 50,000 new jobs in employment. 该地区新增五万个就业岗位。employ + -ment;employment rate 就业率
layoff/ˈleɪɔːf/n.(临时)解雇;裁员mass layoffs 大规模裁员;例句:The automaker announced layoffs of 2,000 workers. 该车企宣布裁员两千人。lay off(解雇)的名词形式
internship/ˈɪntɜːrnʃɪp/n. 实习a summer internship 暑期实习;例句:She landed an internship at a law firm. 她在一家律所谋得实习机会。intern(实习生)+ -ship
mentor/ˈmentɔːr/n. 导师 v. 指导a mentor program 导师制;例句:Senior staff mentor new employees. 资深员工指导新员工。源自希腊史诗中的导师门托尔
expertise/ˌekspɜːrˈtiːz/n. 专业知识;专长technical expertise 技术专长;例句:The project needs legal expertise. 该项目需要法律专业知识。expert(专家)+ -ise;不可数名词
profession/prəˈfeʃn/n. 职业(尤指需专门训练的);专业界the legal profession 法律界;例句:Teaching is a demanding profession. 教书是一份要求很高的职业。pro-(公开)+ fess(说):公开宣告的职业
professional/prəˈfeʃənl/adj. 专业的;职业的 n. 专业人员professional skills 职业技能;例句:The course develops professional skills. 该课程培养职业技能。profession + -al
occupational/ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃnəl/adj. 职业的occupational safety 职业安全;例句:Dust is an occupational hazard for miners. 粉尘是矿工的职业危害。occupation(职业)+ -al
competence/ˈkɑːmpɪtəns/n. 能力;胜任professional competence 职业能力;例句:The test measures language competence. 该测试衡量语言能力。compete(竞争)的同族词:有竞争实力;形容词 competent
credential/krəˈdenʃl/n. 资格证书;资历(常用复数)academic credentials 学术资历;例句:Applicants must submit their credentials online. 申请者须在线提交资历证明。cred(相信,同 credit)+ -ential:让人信得过的证明
aptitude/ˈæptɪtuːd/n. 天资;资质an aptitude for mathematics 数学天分;例句:She shows an aptitude for languages. 她表现出语言天赋。apt(易于…的)+ -itude;区别 attitude(态度)
resume/ˈrezəmeɪ/n. 简历submit a resume 提交简历;例句:Tailor your resume to each job posting. 让简历贴合每个岗位的要求。源自法语"摘要";注意与 resume /rɪˈzuːm/(恢复)拼写相同、读音不同
interview/ˈɪntərvjuː/n./v. 面试;采访a job interview 求职面试;例句:She passed two rounds of interviews. 她通过了两轮面试。inter-(相互)+ view(看):双方相互察看
applicant/ˈæplɪkənt/n. 申请人job applicants 求职者;例句:The post attracted 300 applicants. 该职位吸引了三百名申请者。apply(申请)+ -cant;apply for a job
vacancy/ˈveɪkənsi/n.(职位的)空缺fill a vacancy 填补空缺;例句:The school has two vacancies for math teachers. 学校有两个数学教师空缺。vac(空,同 vacant 空的)+ -ancy
workforce/ˈwɜːrkfɔːrs/n. 劳动力;员工总数a skilled workforce 熟练劳动力;例句:Automation reshapes the workforce. 自动化正在重塑劳动力结构。work(工作)+ force(队伍)
personnel/ˌpɜːrsəˈnel/n.(总称)全体人员;人事部门personnel department 人事部门;例句:The company cut personnel costs. 公司削减了人力成本。person + -nel;注意无单复数变化
retire/rɪˈtaɪər/v. 退休;退出retire early 提前退休;例句:Many teachers retire in their late fifties. 许多教师在五十多岁退休。re-(回)+ tire(拉):从岗位上"拉回"来;名词 retirement
compensation/ˌkɑːmpenˈseɪʃn/n. 薪酬;赔偿;补偿compensation package 薪酬组合;例句:The compensation includes salary and stock. 薪酬包括工资和股票。com-(共同)+ pens(称量):称量补偿;compensate for 弥补
probation/proʊˈbeɪʃn/n. 试用期;缓刑a six-month probation period 六个月试用期;例句:New hires face a three-month probation. 新员工有三个月试用期。prob(检验,同 probe 探查):试用期内接受检验
promotion/prəˈmoʊʃn/n. 晋升;促销win a promotion 获得晋升;例句:She worked overtime to win a promotion. 她加班工作以谋求晋升。promote(晋升/推广)+ -ion
instructor/ɪnˈstrʌktər/n. 教员;教练a driving instructor 驾驶教练;例句:The lab instructor demonstrated the procedure. 实验课教员演示了操作步骤。instruct(讲授)+ -or
tenure/ˈtenjər/n. 终身教职;任期tenure-track positions 可获终身教职的职位;例句:She was awarded tenure after eight years. 八年后她获聘终身教职。ten(持有,同 tenant):长期持有的职位
retrain/ˌriːˈtreɪn/v. 再培训;重新训练retrain laid-off workers 对下岗工人再培训;例句:Older workers are retrained for digital jobs. 年长员工正接受培训以从事数字岗位。re-(再)+ train(培训)
burnout/ˈbɜːrnaʊt/n.(身心的)过度疲劳;倦怠suffer from burnout 患职业倦怠;例句:Long hours led to burnout among nurses. 长时间工作导致护士倦怠。burn out(燃尽)的名词形式
prospective/prəˈspektɪv/adj. 未来的;潜在的prospective students 准(未来的)学生;例句:The fair attracts prospective employers. 招聘会吸引了潜在的雇主。prospect(前景)+ -ive:有前景的、有望成为的
educator/ˈedʒəkeɪtər/n. 教育工作者experienced educators 资深教育工作者;例句:Educators debate the value of homework. 教育工作者争论家庭作业的价值。educate(教育)+ -or
resign/rɪˈzaɪn/v. 辞职resign from one's post 辞去职务;例句:He resigned over the pay dispute. 他因薪酬争端辞职。re-(再)+ sign(签字):重新签字走人;名词 resignation

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. vocational training
  2. a high dropout rate
  3. fill a vacancy
  4. a tenure-track position

第 5-7 题:选词填空(recruit / qualification / laid off / aptitude,注意正确形式)

  1. The university plans to ______ twenty new professors this year.
  2. Applicants must hold a teaching ______ to be considered for the post.
  3. She has a remarkable ______ for languages and quickly mastered French.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. He resigned ______ his post after the company refused to raise wages.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 这所大学计划今年招聘二十名新教师。(recruit / faculty)
  2. 许多下岗工人接受了再培训,以便从事新工作。(lay off / retrain)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 职业培训。vocational training 与 apprenticeship(学徒制)是职业教育类文章的高频搭配。
  2. 高辍学率。dropout 由短语 drop out 而来;dropout rate(辍学率)为固定搭配。
  3. 填补空缺。vacancy 指职位空缺;动词 fill; advertise a vacancy(发布招聘启事)亦常见。
  4. 可获终身教职的职位。tenure 在高教语境指"终身教职";tenure-track 即"终身教职轨道"。
  5. recruit。recruit sb(招聘某人),此处直接用动词原形接在 plan to 之后。
  6. qualification。hold a teaching qualification(持有教师资格),qualification 指资格证书、资历。
  7. aptitude。have an aptitude for...(在……方面有天资);注意与 attitude(态度)拼写区分。
  8. from。resign from one's post(辞去职务)为固定搭配;over 可引出辞职原因。
  9. The university plans to recruit twenty new faculty members this year.(faculty 集合名词,指"全体教员",可加 members 表个体)
  10. Many laid-off workers have been retrained for new jobs.(lay off 的过去分词 laid-off 作定语;retrain sb for sth)