| emerge | /ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/ | v. 出现;显现;(事实)暴露 | emerge from the crisis 从危机中走出;it emerges that... 事实显露出……;例句:A new consensus has emerged. 一种新的共识已经形成。 | e-(出)+ merge(浸没):从水下冒出 |
| stem | /stem/ | v. 遏制;起源于 | stem the tide of... 遏制……的势头;stem from... 源于……;例句:Many health problems stem from poor diet. 许多健康问题源于不良饮食。 | 本义"茎":追到茎(根)上 → 源于 |
| restrain | /rɪˈstreɪn/ | v. 抑制;克制;限制 | restrain oneself from doing 克制自己不做;restrain trade 限制贸易;例句:He could barely restrain his anger. 他几乎抑制不住怒气。 | re-(回)+ strain(拉紧):往回拉住 |
| hamper | /ˈhæmpər/ | v. 妨碍;阻碍 | hamper efforts/development 阻碍努力/发展;例句:Bad weather hampered rescue efforts. 恶劣天气阻碍了救援努力。 | 原义"大篮子":被筐套住动弹不得 |
| foster | /ˈfɔːstər/ | v. 培养;促进;领养 | foster cooperation/innovation 促进合作/创新;例句:The program fosters creativity in children. 该项目培养孩子的创造力。 | 原义"喂养":像养子一样培育 |
| render | /ˈrendər/ | v. 使成为(某状态);给予;翻译 | render sth useless/obsolete 使……失效/过时;render assistance 提供援助;例句:The drought rendered the wells useless. 干旱使这些水井报废。 | re-(回)+ der(给):给回去 → 给予;搭配 render + 宾语 + 形容词是考点 |
| entail | /ɪnˈteɪl/ | v. 必然涉及;使承担 | entail risks/costs 必然带来风险/成本;例句:The project entails enormous expense. 该项目必然耗资巨大。 | en-(使)+ tail(切割):切割不掉地"连带" |
| jeopardize | /ˈdʒepərdaɪz/ | v. 危及;损害 | jeopardize one's career/chances 危及事业/机会;例句:One mistake could jeopardize the whole plan. 一个失误就可能危及整个计划。 | jeopardy(危险境地)+ -ize |
| facilitate | /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ | v. 促进;使便利 | facilitate communication/development 促进交流/发展;例句:The app facilitates remote learning. 该应用便利了远程学习。 | facile(容易的)+ -itate:使变容易 |
| address | /əˈdres/ | v. 处理解决;演讲对付;写地址 | address the issue/problem 处理问题;address a meeting 向大会致辞;例句:The government must address housing shortages. 政府必须解决住房短缺。 | 熟词僻义:考研中多作"解决、应对" |
| embrace | /ɪmˈbreɪs/ | v. 欣然接受;拥抱 | embrace change/new technology 拥抱变化/新技术;例句:Many firms have embraced remote work. 许多公司已欣然接受远程办公。 | em-(入)+ brace(手臂):搂进怀里 |
| curb | /kɜːrb/ | v./n. 遏制;抑制 | curb inflation/spending 遏制通胀/开支;例句:New rules aim to curb emissions. 新规旨在遏制排放。 | 原义"勒马绳":勒住 |
| prompt | /prɑːmpt/ | v. 促使;引起 adj. 及时的 | prompt sb to do sth 促使某人做某事;例句:The scandal prompted an investigation. 丑闻引发了调查。 | theater 提词 → 提醒 → 促使行动 |
| fuel | /ˈfjuːəl/ | v. 助长;加剧 n. 燃料 | fuel debate/concerns 激起争论/担忧;例句:Rising prices fueled public anger. 物价上涨助长了公众怒火。 | "加燃料":火上浇油 |
| hinder | /ˈhɪndər/ | v. 阻碍;妨碍 | hinder progress 阻碍进展;例句:Fear of failure hinders innovation. 对失败的恐惧阻碍创新。 | behind(在后)同源:在背后拖住 |
| bolster | /ˈboʊlstər/ | v. 增强;支撑 | bolster confidence/the economy 增强信心/提振经济;例句:The tax cut bolstered consumer spending. 减税提振了消费。 | 原义"长枕":垫在下面撑起来 |
| spark | /spɑːrk/ | v. 引发;激起 n. 火花 | spark a debate/interest 引发争论/兴趣;例句:The report sparked a heated debate. 该报告引发激烈争论。 | 火花 → 点燃事端 |
| trigger | /ˈtrɪɡər/ | v. 引发;触发 n. 扳机 | trigger a crisis/response 引发危机/反应;例句:The announcement triggered a market sell-off. 该公告引发市场抛售。 | 扣扳机 → 一触即发 |
| levy | /ˈlevi/ | v. 征收(税、费) n. 征税款 | levy a tax/fine on... 对……征税/罚款;例句:The city levied a tax on sugary drinks. 该市对含糖饮料征税。 | 拉丁语"提起(重量)":提起一份税 |
| grant | /ɡrænt/ | v. 授予;准予 n. 拨款;补助金 | grant sb permission 授予许可;take... for granted 认为……理所当然;例句:The foundation granted her a research grant. 基金会给了她一笔研究拨款。 | 词根 cred(相信)同族:可信而"允予" |
| yield | /jiːld/ | v. 产生(收益);屈服 n. 产量;收益率 | yield results 产生成效;yield to... 屈服于……;例句:The experiment yielded surprising results. 实验产生了出人意料的结果。 | 一词两义:"出产"与"让步",考研都常考 |
| attribute | /əˈtrɪbjuːt/ (v.); /ˈætrɪbjuːt/ (n.) | v. 把……归因于 n. 特性 | attribute A to B 把 A 归因于 B;例句:She attributes her success to hard work. 她把成功归因于努力。 | at-(去)+ tribut(给予):把原因"分给"某物;重音区分动名 |
| allocate | /ˈæləkeɪt/ | v. 分配;拨给 | allocate resources/funds 分配资源/资金;例句:More funds were allocated to public health. 更多资金被拨给公共卫生。 | al-(去)+ loc(地方):分到各处 |
| alleviate | /əˈliːvieɪt/ | v. 减轻;缓解 | alleviate poverty/pain 缓解贫困/疼痛;例句:The subsidy alleviated the burden on families. 补贴减轻了家庭负担。 | al-(去)+ lev(轻,同 lever):使其变轻 |
| aggravate | /ˈæɡrəveɪt/ | v. 加剧;恶化 | aggravate the situation/problem 使局势/问题恶化;例句:The shortage aggravated the crisis. 短缺加剧了危机。 | ag-(去)+ grav(重,同 gravity):使其更重 |
| intensify | /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ | v. 加剧;加强 | intensify efforts/pressure 加大努力/施压;例句:The two sides intensified their talks. 双方加强了会谈。 | intense(强烈的)+ -ify |
| diminish | /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ | v. 减少;贬低 | diminish in value/value 贬值;例句:The drug's effect diminishes over time. 药效随时间减弱。 | di-(离开)+ min(小,同 mini):变小 |
| erode | /ɪˈroʊd/ | v. 侵蚀;逐渐削弱 | erode confidence/trust 侵蚀信心/信任;例句:Scandals have eroded public trust. 丑闻侵蚀了公众信任。 | e-(出)+ rod(啃咬):一点点咬掉 |
| accumulate | /əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/ | v. 积累;积聚 | accumulate wealth/experience 积累财富/经验;例句:Dust accumulated on the shelves. 灰尘在架上积聚。 | ac-(去)+ cumul(堆,同 cumulative 累积的):堆起来 |
| assess | /əˈses/ | v. 评估;评定 | assess the impact/risks 评估影响/风险;例句:Experts assessed the damage at millions of dollars. 专家估计损失达数百万美元。 | 原为"坐旁边估税的人"(旁坐估算) |
| outweigh | /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ | v. 超过;比……更重要 | benefits outweigh risks 利大于弊;例句:The benefits outweigh the potential risks. 收益大于潜在风险。 | out-(超过)+ weigh(称重):称起来更重 |
| justify | /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ | v. 证明……有理;为……辩护 | justify a decision 为决定辩护;the end justifies the means 为达目的不择手段;例句:Can the cost be justified? 这笔开支合理吗? | just(公正)+ -ify:使其显得正当 |
| compromise | /ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/ | v. 妥协;损害 n. 妥协 | compromise on price 在价格上让步;compromise safety/security 危及安全;例句:Neither side was willing to compromise. 双方都不愿妥协。 | com-(共同)+ promis(承诺):互相承诺各让一步;"损害"义也常考 |
| exploit | /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ | v. 利用;开发;剥削 | exploit resources/opportunities 利用资源/机会;例句:The region exploits its rich solar resources. 该地区开发利用其丰富的太阳能资源。 | ex-(出)+ ploit(折叠):展开来用 |
| harness | /ˈhɑːrnɪs/ | v. 利用;治理 n. 马具 | harness solar energy/technology 利用太阳能/技术;例句:We must harness technology to fight climate change. 我们必须利用技术应对气候变化。 | 原义"马具":给力量套上缰绳为我所用 |
| refine | /rɪˈfaɪn/ | v. 改进;完善;精炼 | refine a method/theory 完善方法/理论;例句:The team refined its model after each test. 团队在每次测试后完善模型。 | re-(再)+ fine(精细):再次弄精细 |
| implement | /ˈɪmplɪment/ | v. 实施;执行 | implement a policy/plan 实施政策/计划;例句:The city implemented the ban last year. 该市去年实施了禁令。 | im-(入)+ ple(填满,同 complete):填进去落实;名词 implementation |
| champion | /ˈtʃæmpiən/ | v. 拥护;倡导 n. 冠军 | champion reform/a cause 倡导改革/事业;例句:The senator championed the education bill. 这位参议员大力推动教育法案。 | 熟词僻义:由"冠军"(战场上捍卫荣誉者)引申为"捍卫、倡导" |
| discourage | /dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒ/ | v. 阻止;使泄气 | discourage sb from doing 使某人不敢做;例句:High taxes discourage smoking. 高税抑制吸烟。 | dis-(去)+ courage(勇气):夺走勇气;注意搭配 from doing |
| compensate | /ˈkɑːmpenseɪt/ | v. 补偿;弥补 | compensate for the loss 弥补损失;例句:Nothing can compensate for the lost time. 什么都无法弥补失去的时间。 | com-(共同)+ pens(称量/支付):把钱称足;注意接 for |
| dispute | /dɪˈspjuːt/ | v./n. 争论;争议 | dispute a claim 质疑某一说法;beyond dispute 无可争辩;例句:Scholars dispute the findings. 学者们对这些结论有争议。 | dis-(分开)+ put(想/算计):各想各的 |
| neglect | /nɪˈɡlekt/ | v./n. 忽视;疏忽 | neglect one's duties 玩忽职守;例句:The industry neglected safety warnings. 该行业忽视了安全警告。 | neg-(不)+ lect(收集/挑选):没有挑出来关注 |
| overlook | /ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/ | v. 忽略;未注意到;俯瞰 | overlook a detail/factor 忽略细节/因素;例句:The study overlooks one key factor. 该研究忽略了一个关键因素。 | over(在上)+ look(看):从上扫过而没看见;与 overlook(俯瞰景色)同形 |
| maintain | /meɪnˈteɪn/ | v. 维持;(坚决)主张;保养 | maintain order/stability 维持秩序/稳定;maintain that... 主张认为……;例句:Critics maintain that the policy is unfair. 批评者坚称该政策不公。 | main(手,同 manual)+ tain(持):用手持住;"主张"义是考研熟词僻义 |
| prioritize | /praɪˈɔːrətaɪz/ | v. 优先处理;划分优先级 | prioritize tasks 给任务排优先级;例句:Hospitals must prioritize urgent cases. 医院必须优先处理急症。 | priority(优先)+ -ize |
| safeguard | /ˈseɪfɡɑːrd/ | v. 保护;维护 n. 保障措施 | safeguard interests/rights 维护利益/权利;例句:New rules safeguard consumers' rights. 新规保护消费者权利。 | safe(安全)+ guard(守卫) |
| escalate | /ˈeskəleɪt/ | v. (使)升级;不断恶化 | escalate into conflict 升级为冲突;prices escalate 价格不断上涨;例句:The protest escalated into violence. 抗议升级为暴力事件。 | 原义"上楼梯"(同 escalator 扶梯):步步升高 |
| offset | /ˈɔːfset/ | v. 抵消;补偿 | offset the costs/losses 抵消成本/损失;例句:Higher wages were offset by rising rents. 更高工资被上涨的租金抵消了。 | off(离开)+ set(放):放到另一边相抵 |
| overhaul | /ˌoʊvərˈhɔːl/ | v./n. 彻底改革;大修 | overhaul the system 彻底改革体制;a major overhaul 全面改革;例句:The tax code needs a complete overhaul. 税法需要全面修订。 | over(翻遍)+ haul(拉拽):全部拉出来检修 |
| elicit | /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ | v. 引出;诱出(回应) | elicit a response/reaction 引出回应/反应;例句:The survey elicited mixed responses. 该调查得到褒贬不一的回应。 | e-(出)+ lic(引诱,同 delicious 之"诱人"):诱出来;注意 illicit(非法的)拼写仅差一字母 |