Unit11 高频动词与搭配

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:高频动词与搭配——考研阅读、完形、翻译中反复出现的通用骨干动词。这些动词不专属于任何话题,却出现在每一篇文章里,且几乎每词都绑定一至两个必考搭配。本单元以"动词 + 搭配"为核心组织,话题类词汇见 Unit01 至 Unit10 各单元
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列,动笔抄写搭配比反复看释义更有效;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
emerge/ɪˈmɜːrdʒ/v. 出现;显现;(事实)暴露emerge from the crisis 从危机中走出;it emerges that... 事实显露出……;例句:A new consensus has emerged. 一种新的共识已经形成。e-(出)+ merge(浸没):从水下冒出
stem/stem/v. 遏制;起源于stem the tide of... 遏制……的势头;stem from... 源于……;例句:Many health problems stem from poor diet. 许多健康问题源于不良饮食。本义"茎":追到茎(根)上 → 源于
restrain/rɪˈstreɪn/v. 抑制;克制;限制restrain oneself from doing 克制自己不做;restrain trade 限制贸易;例句:He could barely restrain his anger. 他几乎抑制不住怒气。re-(回)+ strain(拉紧):往回拉住
hamper/ˈhæmpər/v. 妨碍;阻碍hamper efforts/development 阻碍努力/发展;例句:Bad weather hampered rescue efforts. 恶劣天气阻碍了救援努力。原义"大篮子":被筐套住动弹不得
foster/ˈfɔːstər/v. 培养;促进;领养foster cooperation/innovation 促进合作/创新;例句:The program fosters creativity in children. 该项目培养孩子的创造力。原义"喂养":像养子一样培育
render/ˈrendər/v. 使成为(某状态);给予;翻译render sth useless/obsolete 使……失效/过时;render assistance 提供援助;例句:The drought rendered the wells useless. 干旱使这些水井报废。re-(回)+ der(给):给回去 → 给予;搭配 render + 宾语 + 形容词是考点
entail/ɪnˈteɪl/v. 必然涉及;使承担entail risks/costs 必然带来风险/成本;例句:The project entails enormous expense. 该项目必然耗资巨大。en-(使)+ tail(切割):切割不掉地"连带"
jeopardize/ˈdʒepərdaɪz/v. 危及;损害jeopardize one's career/chances 危及事业/机会;例句:One mistake could jeopardize the whole plan. 一个失误就可能危及整个计划。jeopardy(危险境地)+ -ize
facilitate/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/v. 促进;使便利facilitate communication/development 促进交流/发展;例句:The app facilitates remote learning. 该应用便利了远程学习。facile(容易的)+ -itate:使变容易
address/əˈdres/v. 处理解决;演讲对付;写地址address the issue/problem 处理问题;address a meeting 向大会致辞;例句:The government must address housing shortages. 政府必须解决住房短缺。熟词僻义:考研中多作"解决、应对"
embrace/ɪmˈbreɪs/v. 欣然接受;拥抱embrace change/new technology 拥抱变化/新技术;例句:Many firms have embraced remote work. 许多公司已欣然接受远程办公。em-(入)+ brace(手臂):搂进怀里
curb/kɜːrb/v./n. 遏制;抑制curb inflation/spending 遏制通胀/开支;例句:New rules aim to curb emissions. 新规旨在遏制排放。原义"勒马绳":勒住
prompt/prɑːmpt/v. 促使;引起 adj. 及时的prompt sb to do sth 促使某人做某事;例句:The scandal prompted an investigation. 丑闻引发了调查。theater 提词 → 提醒 → 促使行动
fuel/ˈfjuːəl/v. 助长;加剧 n. 燃料fuel debate/concerns 激起争论/担忧;例句:Rising prices fueled public anger. 物价上涨助长了公众怒火。"加燃料":火上浇油
hinder/ˈhɪndər/v. 阻碍;妨碍hinder progress 阻碍进展;例句:Fear of failure hinders innovation. 对失败的恐惧阻碍创新。behind(在后)同源:在背后拖住
bolster/ˈboʊlstər/v. 增强;支撑bolster confidence/the economy 增强信心/提振经济;例句:The tax cut bolstered consumer spending. 减税提振了消费。原义"长枕":垫在下面撑起来
spark/spɑːrk/v. 引发;激起 n. 火花spark a debate/interest 引发争论/兴趣;例句:The report sparked a heated debate. 该报告引发激烈争论。火花 → 点燃事端
trigger/ˈtrɪɡər/v. 引发;触发 n. 扳机trigger a crisis/response 引发危机/反应;例句:The announcement triggered a market sell-off. 该公告引发市场抛售。扣扳机 → 一触即发
levy/ˈlevi/v. 征收(税、费) n. 征税款levy a tax/fine on... 对……征税/罚款;例句:The city levied a tax on sugary drinks. 该市对含糖饮料征税。拉丁语"提起(重量)":提起一份税
grant/ɡrænt/v. 授予;准予 n. 拨款;补助金grant sb permission 授予许可;take... for granted 认为……理所当然;例句:The foundation granted her a research grant. 基金会给了她一笔研究拨款。词根 cred(相信)同族:可信而"允予"
yield/jiːld/v. 产生(收益);屈服 n. 产量;收益率yield results 产生成效;yield to... 屈服于……;例句:The experiment yielded surprising results. 实验产生了出人意料的结果。一词两义:"出产"与"让步",考研都常考
attribute/əˈtrɪbjuːt/ (v.); /ˈætrɪbjuːt/ (n.)v. 把……归因于 n. 特性attribute A to B 把 A 归因于 B;例句:She attributes her success to hard work. 她把成功归因于努力。at-(去)+ tribut(给予):把原因"分给"某物;重音区分动名
allocate/ˈæləkeɪt/v. 分配;拨给allocate resources/funds 分配资源/资金;例句:More funds were allocated to public health. 更多资金被拨给公共卫生。al-(去)+ loc(地方):分到各处
alleviate/əˈliːvieɪt/v. 减轻;缓解alleviate poverty/pain 缓解贫困/疼痛;例句:The subsidy alleviated the burden on families. 补贴减轻了家庭负担。al-(去)+ lev(轻,同 lever):使其变轻
aggravate/ˈæɡrəveɪt/v. 加剧;恶化aggravate the situation/problem 使局势/问题恶化;例句:The shortage aggravated the crisis. 短缺加剧了危机。ag-(去)+ grav(重,同 gravity):使其更重
intensify/ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/v. 加剧;加强intensify efforts/pressure 加大努力/施压;例句:The two sides intensified their talks. 双方加强了会谈。intense(强烈的)+ -ify
diminish/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/v. 减少;贬低diminish in value/value 贬值;例句:The drug's effect diminishes over time. 药效随时间减弱。di-(离开)+ min(小,同 mini):变小
erode/ɪˈroʊd/v. 侵蚀;逐渐削弱erode confidence/trust 侵蚀信心/信任;例句:Scandals have eroded public trust. 丑闻侵蚀了公众信任。e-(出)+ rod(啃咬):一点点咬掉
accumulate/əˈkjuːmjəleɪt/v. 积累;积聚accumulate wealth/experience 积累财富/经验;例句:Dust accumulated on the shelves. 灰尘在架上积聚。ac-(去)+ cumul(堆,同 cumulative 累积的):堆起来
assess/əˈses/v. 评估;评定assess the impact/risks 评估影响/风险;例句:Experts assessed the damage at millions of dollars. 专家估计损失达数百万美元。原为"坐旁边估税的人"(旁坐估算)
outweigh/ˌaʊtˈweɪ/v. 超过;比……更重要benefits outweigh risks 利大于弊;例句:The benefits outweigh the potential risks. 收益大于潜在风险。out-(超过)+ weigh(称重):称起来更重
justify/ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/v. 证明……有理;为……辩护justify a decision 为决定辩护;the end justifies the means 为达目的不择手段;例句:Can the cost be justified? 这笔开支合理吗?just(公正)+ -ify:使其显得正当
compromise/ˈkɑːmprəmaɪz/v. 妥协;损害 n. 妥协compromise on price 在价格上让步;compromise safety/security 危及安全;例句:Neither side was willing to compromise. 双方都不愿妥协。com-(共同)+ promis(承诺):互相承诺各让一步;"损害"义也常考
exploit/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/v. 利用;开发;剥削exploit resources/opportunities 利用资源/机会;例句:The region exploits its rich solar resources. 该地区开发利用其丰富的太阳能资源。ex-(出)+ ploit(折叠):展开来用
harness/ˈhɑːrnɪs/v. 利用;治理 n. 马具harness solar energy/technology 利用太阳能/技术;例句:We must harness technology to fight climate change. 我们必须利用技术应对气候变化。原义"马具":给力量套上缰绳为我所用
refine/rɪˈfaɪn/v. 改进;完善;精炼refine a method/theory 完善方法/理论;例句:The team refined its model after each test. 团队在每次测试后完善模型。re-(再)+ fine(精细):再次弄精细
implement/ˈɪmplɪment/v. 实施;执行implement a policy/plan 实施政策/计划;例句:The city implemented the ban last year. 该市去年实施了禁令。im-(入)+ ple(填满,同 complete):填进去落实;名词 implementation
champion/ˈtʃæmpiən/v. 拥护;倡导 n. 冠军champion reform/a cause 倡导改革/事业;例句:The senator championed the education bill. 这位参议员大力推动教育法案。熟词僻义:由"冠军"(战场上捍卫荣誉者)引申为"捍卫、倡导"
discourage/dɪsˈkɜːrɪdʒ/v. 阻止;使泄气discourage sb from doing 使某人不敢做;例句:High taxes discourage smoking. 高税抑制吸烟。dis-(去)+ courage(勇气):夺走勇气;注意搭配 from doing
compensate/ˈkɑːmpenseɪt/v. 补偿;弥补compensate for the loss 弥补损失;例句:Nothing can compensate for the lost time. 什么都无法弥补失去的时间。com-(共同)+ pens(称量/支付):把钱称足;注意接 for
dispute/dɪˈspjuːt/v./n. 争论;争议dispute a claim 质疑某一说法;beyond dispute 无可争辩;例句:Scholars dispute the findings. 学者们对这些结论有争议。dis-(分开)+ put(想/算计):各想各的
neglect/nɪˈɡlekt/v./n. 忽视;疏忽neglect one's duties 玩忽职守;例句:The industry neglected safety warnings. 该行业忽视了安全警告。neg-(不)+ lect(收集/挑选):没有挑出来关注
overlook/ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/v. 忽略;未注意到;俯瞰overlook a detail/factor 忽略细节/因素;例句:The study overlooks one key factor. 该研究忽略了一个关键因素。over(在上)+ look(看):从上扫过而没看见;与 overlook(俯瞰景色)同形
maintain/meɪnˈteɪn/v. 维持;(坚决)主张;保养maintain order/stability 维持秩序/稳定;maintain that... 主张认为……;例句:Critics maintain that the policy is unfair. 批评者坚称该政策不公。main(手,同 manual)+ tain(持):用手持住;"主张"义是考研熟词僻义
prioritize/praɪˈɔːrətaɪz/v. 优先处理;划分优先级prioritize tasks 给任务排优先级;例句:Hospitals must prioritize urgent cases. 医院必须优先处理急症。priority(优先)+ -ize
safeguard/ˈseɪfɡɑːrd/v. 保护;维护 n. 保障措施safeguard interests/rights 维护利益/权利;例句:New rules safeguard consumers' rights. 新规保护消费者权利。safe(安全)+ guard(守卫)
escalate/ˈeskəleɪt/v. (使)升级;不断恶化escalate into conflict 升级为冲突;prices escalate 价格不断上涨;例句:The protest escalated into violence. 抗议升级为暴力事件。原义"上楼梯"(同 escalator 扶梯):步步升高
offset/ˈɔːfset/v. 抵消;补偿offset the costs/losses 抵消成本/损失;例句:Higher wages were offset by rising rents. 更高工资被上涨的租金抵消了。off(离开)+ set(放):放到另一边相抵
overhaul/ˌoʊvərˈhɔːl/v./n. 彻底改革;大修overhaul the system 彻底改革体制;a major overhaul 全面改革;例句:The tax code needs a complete overhaul. 税法需要全面修订。over(翻遍)+ haul(拉拽):全部拉出来检修
elicit/ɪˈlɪsɪt/v. 引出;诱出(回应)elicit a response/reaction 引出回应/反应;例句:The survey elicited mixed responses. 该调查得到褒贬不一的回应。e-(出)+ lic(引诱,同 delicious 之"诱人"):诱出来;注意 illicit(非法的)拼写仅差一字母

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. attribute the decline to poor management
  2. stem from a lack of trust
  3. render traditional skills obsolete
  4. take this convenience for granted

第 5-7 题:选词填空(curb / hinder / facilitate / outweigh,注意正确形式)

  1. The new expressway will ______ trade between the two regions.
  2. Strict rules may ______ innovation rather than protect it.
  3. In most patients, the benefits of the drug clearly ______ its side effects.

第 8 题:介词填空

  1. Nothing can fully compensate ______ the damage caused by the spill.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 这份报告引发了关于教育改革的激烈争论。(spark / reform)
  2. 许多健康问题源于缺乏锻炼。(stem / lack)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 把下滑归因于管理不善。attribute A to B(把 A 归因于 B)是高频被动考点:A is attributed to B。【考点:动词搭配|难度:中|易错:误写 attribute to sb(对某人的描述)义不同;勿与 contribute to(促成)混淆】
  2. 源于缺乏信任。stem from(源于);另义"遏制"(stem the tide)。【考点:一词多义|难度:中|易错:表"源于"时不用于被动语态】
  3. 使传统技能过时。render + 宾语 + 形容词(使成为某状态)。【考点:复合宾语结构|难度:难|易错:render 后不能接 to be,直接跟形容词】
  4. 把这种便利视为理所当然。take... for granted。【考点:固定短语|难度:易|易错:grant 单独作动词义为"授予、准予"】
  5. facilitate。facilitate trade(促进贸易),及物动词,后接名词。【考点:动词搭配|难度:易|易错:不要写成 facilitate the trade to grow 之类的 to do 结构】
  6. hinder。hinder innovation(阻碍创新)。【考点:动词辨析|难度:中|易错:curb(遏制)多接 inflation/spending 等失控之物,hinder 泛指"拖后腿"】
  7. outweigh。benefits outweigh side effects(利大于弊)。【考点:动词搭配|难度:易|易错:outweigh 是及物动词,不加 than】
  8. for。compensate for(弥补、补偿)。【考点:介词搭配|难度:易|易错:名词 compensation 同样接 for(compensation for the damage)】
  9. The report sparked a heated debate on/over education reform.(spark 亦可用 trigger 替换)
  10. Many health problems stem from a lack of exercise.(stem from 亦可用 arise from,但本单元要求 stem)