Unit16 城市化与交通

  • 所属:高频核心词 · 词汇库导览
  • 话题:城市化与交通——考研阅读城市类文章(人口迁移、城市扩张、交通治理、公共服务等)的骨架词。本单元聚焦城市与交通词汇,环境类词汇见 Unit07-环境与能源,社会与文化类词汇见 Unit05-社会与文化
  • 学法:先通读词表划掉已熟词;重点记"搭配与例句"列;学完做文末自测,按 导览 的 1/2/4/7/15 天周期复习
  • 音标为美式 IPA;例句均为本站自编

词表(50 词)

单词音标词性与核心释义搭配与例句记忆点
congestion/kənˈdʒestʃən/n. 拥堵;拥挤traffic congestion 交通拥堵;ease congestion 缓解拥堵;例句:The city charges a fee to reduce traffic congestion. 该市收取拥堵费以缓解交通拥堵。con-(共同)+ gest(运送):都挤到一起
congested/kənˈdʒestɪd/adj. 拥堵的;拥挤的a congested road 拥堵的道路;例句:Commuters waste hours on congested highways. 通勤者在拥堵的高速公路上浪费数小时。congestion 的形容词形式
commute/kəˈmjuːt/v. 通勤 n. 通勤路程commute to work 通勤上班;a long commute 漫长的通勤;例句:She commutes to the office by subway. 她乘地铁通勤上班。com-(共同)+ mut(变换):每天变换于两地之间
commuter/kəˈmjuːtər/n. 通勤者commuter rush 通勤高峰;例句:The trains are packed with commuters at rush hour. 高峰时段火车上挤满通勤者。commute + -er:通勤之人
transit/ˈtrænzɪt/n. 运输;公共交通public transit 公共交通;a mass transit system 大运量公交系统;例句:The city is expanding its public transit network. 该市正在扩展公共交通网络。trans-(穿过)+ it(走):从一处走到另一处
pedestrian/pəˈdestriən/n. 行人 adj. 行人的;平淡无奇的a pedestrian crossing 人行横道;pedestrian streets 步行街;例句:The old town is closed to cars and open only to pedestrians. 老城区禁止汽车通行,只对行人开放。ped(脚,同 pedal)+ estrian:用脚走路的人
municipal/mjuːˈnɪsɪpl/adj. 市政的;市的municipal services 市政服务;the municipal government 市政府;例句:Municipal authorities plan to build more bike lanes. 市政当局计划修建更多自行车道。muni(公务)+ cipal:与城市公务相关的
metropolis/məˈtrɑːpəlɪs/n. 大都市a bustling metropolis 繁华的大都市;例句:Shanghai has grown into a global metropolis. 上海已成长为国际化大都市。metro(母亲城)+ polis(城):母城派生出的核心城市
megacity/ˈmeɡəsiːti/n. 特大城市(人口超千万)an expanding megacity 不断扩张的特大城市;例句:Megacities face enormous pressure on housing and water. 特大城市在住房与用水方面面临巨大压力。mega-(巨大)+ city:巨型城市
residential/ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/adj. 居住的;住宅区的a residential area 住宅区;例句:The factory was moved away from residential areas. 工厂被迁离了住宅区。resid(居住,同 reside)+ -ential:供人居住的
relocate/ˌriːˈloʊkeɪt/v. 搬迁;重新安置relocate to another city 搬到另一座城市;例句:The company relocated its headquarters to Shenzhen. 该公司把总部搬到了深圳。re-(重新)+ locate(定位):重新安放位置
relocation/ˌriːloʊˈkeɪʃn/n. 搬迁;安置the relocation of residents 居民搬迁;例句:Villagers received compensation for their relocation. 村民因搬迁获得了补偿。relocate 的名词形式
density/ˈdensəti/n. 密度population density 人口密度;high-density housing 高密度住宅;例句:High population density strains public services. 高人口密度使公共服务不堪重负。dense(密集的)+ -ity
overcrowding/ˌoʊvərˈkraʊdɪŋ/n. 过度拥挤ease overcrowding 缓解过度拥挤;例句:Overcrowding in prisons has become a serious problem. 监狱过度拥挤已成严重问题。over-(过度)+ crowd(拥挤)+ -ing
sprawl/sprɔːl/n./v. 蔓延;(城市的)无序扩张urban sprawl 城市无序扩张;例句:Urban sprawl eats up farmland around the city. 城市无序扩张吞噬着城市周围的农田。"摊大饼"式的蔓延,urban sprawl 为固定搭配
district/ˈdɪstrɪkt/n. 区;地区;区域a business district 商业区;school districts 学区;例句:They live in the historic district of the city. 他们住在该市的历史街区。与 distinguish(区分)同根:被划分出来的一片
downtown/ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/n./adj. 市中心(的) adv. 往市中心downtown traffic 市中心交通;例句:Parking downtown is expensive and scarce. 市中心停车昂贵又难找。美式英语中 down- 指"进城方向"
housing/ˈhaʊzɪŋ/n. 住房;住房供给affordable housing 经济适用房;housing shortage 住房短缺;例句:The government is under pressure to provide affordable housing. 政府面临提供经济适用房的压力。hous(e) + -ing:住房问题整体
sanitation/ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/n. 公共卫生;卫生设施poor sanitation 卫生条件差;例句:Rapid urbanization outpaced sanitation systems. 快速城市化使卫生系统不堪重负。sanit(健康,同 sane)+ -ation:使保持健康
sewage/ˈsuːɪdʒ/n. 污水;下水道污水sewage treatment 污水处理;a sewage system 排污系统;例句:Raw sewage was discharged into the river. 未经处理的污水被排入河中。与 sewer(下水道)同族,sew-(排水)
slum/slʌm/n. 贫民窟slum dwellers 贫民窟居民;例句:Millions of migrants end up living in slums. 数百万外来者最终住进了贫民窟。音短意重,urban poor 的具象化
gentrification/ˌdʒentrɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 士绅化(旧城区改造后房价上涨、原住民被迫迁出)resist gentrification 抵制士绅化;例句:Gentrification has pushed longtime residents out of the neighborhood. 士绅化把老居民挤出了社区。gentry(绅士阶层)+ -fication:绅士们搬进来了
renovation/ˌrenəˈveɪʃn/n. 翻新;修复urban renovation 旧城改造;例句:The old market was closed for renovation. 老市场因翻新而关闭。re-(再)+ nov(新,同 novel):使之再新
demolition/ˌdeməˈlɪʃn/n. 拆除;拆毁the demolition of old buildings 拆除旧建筑;例句:The demolition of the stadium began last week. 体育场的拆除上周启动。demolish(拆除)的名词;de-(去除)+ mol(建):拆掉建筑
amenity/əˈmiːnəti/n. 便利设施(常用复数 amenities)public amenities 公共设施;例句:New residents are drawn by the area's modern amenities. 现代化的便利设施吸引了新居民入住该地区。amen(令人愉快)+ -ity:让人舒适的东西
mobility/moʊˈbɪləti/n. 移动能力;流动性urban mobility 城市出行;social mobility 社会流动性;例句:Bike-sharing improves urban mobility at low cost. 共享单车以低成本改善了城市出行。mobil(移动,同 mobile)+ -ity
accessibility/əkˌsesəˈbɪləti/n. 可达性;无障碍性improve accessibility to public transport 改善公共交通的可达性;例句:The new stations greatly improve accessibility for disabled riders. 新车站极大改善了残障乘客的出行便利。access(进入)+ -ibility:能被到达的程度
vehicle/ˈviːəkl/n. 交通工具;车辆;媒介electric vehicles 电动汽车;private vehicles 私家车;例句:Electric vehicles are reshaping the auto industry. 电动汽车正在重塑汽车业。veh(运载,同 vector):承载人或物的东西
traffic/ˈtræfɪk/n. 交通;交通量heavy traffic 繁忙的交通;traffic flow 交通流量;例句:Traffic slows to a crawl during the evening peak. 晚高峰时车流缓慢如爬行。不可数名词,a traffic jam(交通堵塞)要加冠词的是 jam
highway/ˈhaɪweɪ/n. 公路;大路highway construction 公路建设;例句:The new highway cuts travel time in half. 新公路使通行时间缩短一半。high(高)+ way(路):高架快捷之路
expressway/ɪkˈspresweɪ/n. 高速公路an eight-lane expressway 八车道高速公路;例句:Trucks are banned from the expressway during rush hours. 高峰时段货车禁止驶入高速公路。express(快速)+ way:供快速通行的路
metro/ˈmetroʊ/n. 地铁the metro system 地铁系统;例句:Most office workers take the metro to work. 大多数上班族乘地铁上班。metropolis(大都市)的缩略:大都市的标志
subway/ˈsʌbweɪ/n. 地铁a subway station 地铁站;例句:The subway is the cheapest way across the city. 地铁是横穿市区最便宜的方式。sub-(下)+ way(路):地下的路
railway/ˈreɪlweɪ/n. 铁路;铁道系统a high-speed railway 高铁;例句:The new railway links the two provincial capitals. 新铁路连接了两座省会城市。rail(铁轨)+ way:铺铁轨的路
terminal/ˈtɜːrmɪnl/n. 交通枢纽站;航站楼;终点站 adj. 末端的an airport terminal 机场航站楼;a bus terminal 公交枢纽;例句:The new terminal can handle 80 million passengers a year. 新航站楼每年可接待八千万旅客。termin(终点,同 terminate):线路的终点
fare/fer/n. 车费;票价bus fares 公交车费;fare increases 票价上涨;例句:Lower fares encourage more people to use public transit. 更低的票价鼓励更多人乘坐公共交通。与 fair(公平)同音不同义
toll/toʊl/n. 通行费 v.(缓慢)损害;收费road tolls 道路通行费;take a heavy toll on... 对……造成严重损害;例句:Congestion charges are tolls collected in busy downtown areas. 拥堵费是在市中心繁忙区域收取的通行费。短元音 /oʊ/;take a toll on 为高频搭配
parking/ˈpɑːrkɪŋ/n. 停车;停车位parking spaces 停车位;parking fines 违停罚款;例句:Downtown parking costs more than the fuel for the trip. 市中心停车费比此行油费还贵。park + -ing:由"停车"到"停车位"
carpool/ˈkɑːrpuːl/v./n. 拼车;合伙用车carpool lanes 合乘车道;例句:Colleagues carpool to save money and reduce traffic. 同事们拼车省钱并缓解交通。car(车)+ pool(池):把几人的出行"汇成一池"
cyclist/ˈsaɪklɪst/n. 骑自行车的人protected lanes for cyclists 自行车专用道;例句:The city built protected lanes to keep cyclists safe. 该市修建了专用道保障骑行者安全。cycle(骑车)+ -ist:骑车之人
lane/leɪn/n. 车道;小巷a bike lane 自行车道;bus lanes 公交专用道;例句:Cars are fined for driving in bus lanes. 机动车驶入公交专用道会被罚款。区别 line(线):lane 是有宽度的"道"
sidewalk/ˈsaɪdwɔːk/n. 人行道a crowded sidewalk 拥挤的人行道;例句:Vendors have taken over half the sidewalk. 小贩占去了人行道的一半。side(旁边)+ walk(走):旁边供人走的路
intersection/ˌɪntərˈsekʃn/n. 十字路口;交叉点a busy intersection 繁忙的路口;例句:The new overpass separates pedestrians from the busy intersection. 新天桥把行人与繁忙路口隔开。inter-(相互)+ sect(切,同 section):道路互相切割之处
bottleneck/ˈbɑːtlnek/n. 瓶颈;拥堵路段a traffic bottleneck 交通瓶颈;例句:The old bridge remains a bottleneck for commuters. 老桥仍是通勤者的瓶颈路段。瓶子的颈部——水流(车流)最窄处
gridlock/ˈɡrɪdlɑːk/n. 交通全面堵塞;僵局political gridlock 政治僵局;例句:The accident caused total gridlock in the city center. 事故导致市中心交通彻底瘫痪。grid(网格)+ lock(锁死):路网被锁住
shuttle/ˈʃʌtl/n. 穿梭班车;航天飞机 v. 穿梭往返a free shuttle bus 免费穿梭巴士;例句:A shuttle bus runs between the campus and the station. 穿梭巴士往返于校园和车站之间。shutt(掷梭)+ -le:像织布梭一样来回
ferry/ˈferi/n. 渡轮 v. 渡运take the ferry across the bay 乘渡轮过湾;例句:The ferry carries commuters across the strait every morning. 渡轮每天清晨载着通勤者渡过海峡。与 carry 同源:承载运送
freight/freɪt/n. 货物;货运freight costs 运费;a freight train 货运列车;例句:Most heavy freight moves by rail rather than by truck. 大多数重货靠铁路而非卡车运输。区别 flight(飞行):一字母之差
cargo/ˈkɑːrɡoʊ/n. (船、飞机、车辆装载的)货物a cargo ship 货船;cargo containers 集装箱;例句:The port handles record volumes of cargo each year. 该港口每年处理的货物量创纪录。car(车)+ go:车运走的东西
logistics/ləˈdʒɪstɪks/n. 物流;后勤a logistics hub 物流枢纽;例句:The city's location makes it a natural logistics hub. 该市的地理位置使其成为天然的物流枢纽。原为军事"后勤学",引申为货物流转组织

本单元自测(10 题,模拟题)

第 1-4 题:写出下列搭配的中文意思

  1. urban sprawl
  2. affordable housing
  3. take a heavy toll on commuters
  4. public transit

第 5-7 题:选词填空(congestion / relocate / pedestrian / logistics,注意正确形式)

  1. The city center will be closed to cars and opened only to ______ on weekends.
  2. To escape high rents, many young families have ______ to smaller towns.
  3. The company chose the port city as its ______ hub because of its rail links.

第 8 题:介词/副词填空

  1. Years of overwork have taken a heavy toll ______ her health.

第 9-10 题:汉译英(用本单元词汇)

  1. 快速城市化使该市的住房短缺和交通拥堵问题更加严重。(urbanization / shortage / congestion)
  2. 新地铁线路将把通勤者的通勤时间缩短一半。(metro line / commuter / commute)
点击展开答案与简析
  1. 城市无序扩张。sprawl 指"摊大饼"式的低密度蔓延,urban sprawl 为城市类文章高频表达。
  2. 经济适用房。housing 指住房供给整体,affordable housing 是各国城市政策的核心议题。
  3. 对通勤者造成严重损害。take a heavy toll on...(对……造成严重损失/损害),toll 另义为"通行费"。
  4. 公共交通。transit 与 transport、transportation 近义,public transit / mass transit 为固定搭配。
  5. pedestrians。be opened only to pedestrians(仅对行人开放),to 为介词,后接名词。
  6. relocated。现在完成时 have relocated;relocate 常与 to 搭配(relocate to + 地点)。
  7. logistics。logistics hub(物流枢纽),logistics 为不可数名词,谓语用单数。
  8. on。take a toll on...(对……造成损害),介词 on 固定搭配。
  9. Rapid urbanization has worsened the city's housing shortage and traffic congestion.("加剧"亦可用 aggravate / intensify;注意 congestion 不可数)
  10. The new metro line will cut commuters' commute time in half.(cut...in half 或 halve;commuter 名词作定语修饰 commute time)