词汇与完形 · 章节测

  • 适用:学完 词汇策略与分层记忆 与 完形填空 后的全覆盖练习;长难句基础见 长难句拆解
  • 题量:A 部分词汇 30 题(形近辨析 8 / 义近辨析 8 / 熟词僻义 9 / 词根词缀推断 5)+ B 部分完形 1 篇 18 空;建议计时 A 部分 15 分钟、B 部分 18 分钟
  • 做法要求:A 部分每题先说线索再选;B 部分先通读主线再逐空填,每空能定位线索
  • 全部题目为模拟题(真题风格自编,不与任何真题原文重合)
  • 错题请登记进 00-错题本,A 部分错因标签用"词义/搭配",B 部分错因标签按"词义/逻辑/搭配"选择;错题词进入次日顽固词清单

A 部分:词汇测(30 题)

第 1 题(形近词辨析)

The project required a ______ amount of additional funding before it could proceed.

A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered

第 2 题(形近词辨析)

It is ______ to back up all your data before upgrading the operating system.

A. sensitive B. sensational C. sensible D. sentimental

第 3 题(形近词辨析)

He came from a highly respected family of lawyers and doctors.

题干中 respected 可替换为:

A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respecting

第 4 题(形近词辨析)

The southern provinces underwent rapid ______ expansion in the 1990s, with new factories appearing every month.

A. industrious B. industrial C. indulgent D. indistinct

第 5 题(形近词辨析)

The textbook offers a ______ review of the field, covering every major theory developed in the past century.

A. comprehensible B. comprehensive C. compulsory D. compensating

第 6 题(形近词辨析)

The company's difficulties were caused not by real competition but by an entirely ______ crisis invented by the media.

A. imaginative B. imaginary C. imaginable D. imagistic

第 7 题(形近词辨析)

These two problems are ______ in nature—one is technical, the other political—and require separate solutions.

A. distinct B. distinctive C. distinguished D. distributable

第 8 题(形近词辨析)

Intensive farming has done serious damage to the soil, which can no longer ______ such heavy use.

A. retain B. obtain C. sustain D. detain

第 9 题(义近词辨析)

The new findings ______ earlier research showing that sleep strengthens memory.

A. confirm B. conform C. conduct D. confess

第 10 题(义近词辨析)

Critics ______ the plan as unworkable and poorly costed.

A. discharge B. discard C. dismiss D. dispose

第 11 题(义近词辨析)

Higher fuel taxes were introduced to ______ the growth of private car use in the city center.

A. curb B. cure C. curl D. curve

第 12 题(义近词辨析)

For many recent immigrants, language remains the biggest ______ to finding stable employment.

A. burden B. border C. barrier D. bond

第 13 题(义近词辨析)

It is still too early to ______ about the exact causes of the system failure.

A. estimate B. evaluate C. calculate D. speculate

第 14 题(义近词辨析)

Most analysts believe that honesty and patience will ______ over short-term tricks in this market.

A. preserve B. persuade C. prevail D. dominate

第 15 题(义近词辨析)

The announcement ______ a wave of protests across the country.

A. transferred B. transmitted C. transformed D. triggered

第 16 题(义近词辨析)

Opponents accuse the report of ______ the risks in order to scare voters.

A. exaggerating B. displaying C. exhausting D. executing

第 17 题(熟词僻义)

The article traces the rise of the Chicago ______ of economics and its influence on policy.

A. academy B. school C. college D. institute

第 18 题(熟词僻义)

Investors failed to fully ______ the scale of the risk they were taking on.

A. enjoy B. praise C. appreciate D. applaud

第 19 题(熟词僻义)

In the phrase "a spell of economic decline", the word spell most nearly means:

A. a magical formula B. a period of time C. a rest from work D. an illness

第 20 题(熟词僻义)

In the phrase "the measures taken by the government", the word measures most nearly means:

A. dimensions B. measurements C. actions D. degrees

第 21 题(熟词僻义)

In the phrase "a sound investment strategy", the word sound most nearly means:

A. loud B. healthy and reliable C. based on music D. widely discussed

第 22 题(熟词僻义)

She was ill for months, and her sister kept her ______ throughout the recovery.

A. companion B. company C. friendship D. accompaniment

第 23 题(熟词僻义)

The training program is closely ______ after the German apprenticeship model.

A. fabricated B. framed C. fashioned D. forged

第 24 题(熟词僻义)

The new task force has been created to ______ the shortage of affordable housing.

A. speak to B. address C. express about D. direct at

第 25 题(熟词僻义)

After weeks of pressure from shareholders, the board finally ______ and agreed to an independent review.

A. abandoned B. retired C. resigned D. yielded

第 26 题(词根词缀推断)

Based on the prefix mis- (wrongly), the word "misjudge" most likely means:

A. to judge again B. to judge wrongly C. to refuse to judge D. to judge beforehand

第 27 题(词根词缀推断)

The word "biodegradable" is built from bio- (life), degrade (break down), and -able (capable of). It most likely describes a material that:

A. can be broken down by living organisms B. can be reused in industry C. is harmless to touch D. lasts for decades

第 28 题(词根词缀推断)

The word "circumspect" comes from circum- (around) + spect (look). Its most likely meaning is:

A. reckless B. cautious C. curious D. generous

第 29 题(词根词缀推断)

The suffix -ible/-able in "comprehensible" indicates that the text can be:

A. understood B. understanding C. misunderstood D. misunderstanding

第 30 题(词根词缀推断)

The word "de-escalate" contains de- (down, removal) + escalate (increase). It most likely means:

A. to increase rapidly B. to reduce the intensity of C. to postpone D. to transfer elsewhere

B 部分:完形填空(模拟题,18 空)

先通读主线(首句完整不设空),再逐空作答。每空四个选项中只有一个最符合上下文。

Boredom has had a bad (31) ______. Most of us treat it as an unpleasant state to be escaped at the first opportunity. Yet a growing body of research suggests that boredom, properly understood, performs a useful (32) ______: it pushes the mind to wander, and wandering minds are where ideas are born.

The key insight is that boredom is not a (33) ______ of a failing brain but a transition state. When external stimulation (34) ______, the brain does not simply shut down; instead, it switches to what neuroscientists call the default mode network, which becomes (35) ______ precisely when we appear to be doing nothing. This network is heavily (36) ______ in memory consolidation, self-reflection, and the combination of distant ideas—the raw material of (37) ______.

The problem, researchers argue, is not boredom itself but our (38) ______ to tolerate it. Smartphones allow us to (39) ______ every idle moment, so the default mode network is rarely given the time it needs to do its work. In one famous experiment, many participants (40) ______ to give themselves mild electric shocks rather than sit alone with their thoughts for fifteen minutes—a finding that says more about our discomfort with (41) ______ than about any weakness of the mind.

(42) ______ of this means that we should seek out boredom deliberately. The goal is (43) ______: some boredom is productive, while too much of it (44) ______ into anxiety and low mood. What the research does (45) ______, however, is that small doses of mental idleness—a walk without a podcast, a commute without scrolling—are not wasted time (46) ______ an investment in it. In a culture that (47) ______ busyness with virtue, the ability to do nothing, quietly and without a screen, may be the most (48) ______ skill of all.

    1. A. reputation B. impression C. influence D. expectation
    1. A. procedure B. performance C. function D. behavior
    1. A. proof B. consequence C. signal D. symptom
    1. A. multiplies B. vanishes C. lingers D. accumulates
    1. A. idle B. active C. silent D. damaged
    1. A. absorbed B. occupied C. involved D. committed
    1. A. memory B. intelligence C. productivity D. creativity
    1. A. reluctance B. ability C. insistence D. determination
    1. A. fill B. waste C. create D. ignore
    1. A. hesitated B. agreed C. preferred D. volunteered
    1. A. solitude B. silence C. technology D. shocks
    1. A. None B. Any C. Some D. All
    1. A. endurance B. balance C. escape D. speed
    1. A. leads B. tips C. results D. brings
    1. A. proves B. denies C. promises D. suggests
    1. A. and B. or C. but D. rather
    1. A. equates B. compares C. confuses D. replaces
    1. A. overrated B. underrated C. demanding D. ordinary

A 部分答案与解析

1. B(considerable) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:只认 consider 家族第一印象。considerable 数量上"相当大的";considerate"体贴的"(对人);considering 介词"考虑到";considered"经过深思熟虑的"。记忆锚点:-able 结尾的 considerable 对应"可观"。句意:项目推进前需要追加相当大的一笔资金。

2. C(sensible) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:sensible/sensitive 高频混。sensible"明智的"(形容决定);sensitive"敏感的";sensational"轰动的";sentimental"多愁善感的"。锚点:ible→明智(-ible 可"行"),itive→敏感。句意:升级操作系统前先备份数据是明智的。

3. B(respectable) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:respect 三兄弟。respected"受尊敬的"(可换成)respectable"体面的、值得尊敬的"形容 family;respectful"恭敬的"(主体发出的态度);respective"各自的";respecting 介词"关于"。句意:他出身于受人尊敬的律师和医生世家。

4. B(industrial) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:industrial 工业的 vs industrious 勤劳的(词族辨析,同 economical/economic 一类)。indulgent 纵容的;indistinct 模糊的。句意:上世纪 90 年代南方各省经历了快速的工业扩张。

5. B(comprehensive) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:comprehensive 全面的(覆盖全) vs comprehensible 可理解的(能被懂)。compulsory 强制的;compensating 补偿的。线索:covering every major theory →"全面"。句意:这本教材对该领域做了全面综述。

6. B(imaginary) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:imaginary 虚构的(不存在) vs imaginative 富有想象力的(称赞人) vs imaginable 可想象的。线索:invented by the media →"虚构"。句意:公司困境并非真实竞争所致,而是媒体完全虚构出来的危机。

7. A(distinct) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:distinct"性质上不同的"(distinct from)vs distinctive"独特的、有辨识度的"。线索:one is technical, the other political → 两类不同。句意:这两个问题性质不同——一个技术性、一个政治性——需要分别解决。

8. C(sustain) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:s-词族四动词。sustain"承受住、维持";retain"保留";obtain"获得";detain"拘留"。锚点:sustainable soil→土壤撑得住。句意:集约农业严重破坏了土壤,它已承受不了如此高强度的使用。

9. A(confirm) 考点标签:义近/形近混合辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:confirm 证实 vs conform 遵守(conform to)纯形近;conduct 实施;confess 承认。句意:新发现证实了此前"睡眠巩固记忆"的研究。

10. C(dismiss) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:dismiss A as B"把 A 斥为 B(不予考虑)"固定结构;discard 丢弃(物);discharge 解雇/排出;dispose 处理(dispose of)。句意:批评者斥该计划不可行且成本核算糟糕。

11. A(curb) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:curb 遏制(词汇章 L1 动词);cure 治愈;curl 卷曲;curve 使弯曲(形近干扰)。句意:提高燃油税是为了遏制市中心私家车使用的增长。

12. C(barrier) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:barrier 障碍(barrier to sth 搭配,词汇章 L1 名词);burden 负担;border 边界;bond 纽带/债券。句意:对许多新移民而言,语言仍是找到稳定工作的最大障碍。

13. D(speculate) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒: speculate about/on"推测"(无依据地猜);estimate 估计(数量);evaluate 评估(价值);calculate 计算(数字)。线索:too early to → 只能推测。句意:现在就对系统故障的确切原因下结论为时过早。

14. C(prevail) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:prevail over"战胜、占上风"(词汇章搭配);preserve 保存;persuade 说服(形近);dominate 支配(及物,不接 over 表"击败"义)。句意:多数分析师相信,在这个市场上诚信与耐心终将胜过短期伎俩。

15. D(triggered) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:trigger 触发(词汇章 L1 动词);transferred 转移;transmitted 传输/传染;transformed 改变(形近干扰组)。句意:该公告在全国触发了抗议浪潮。

16. A(exaggerating) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:exaggerate 夸大(词汇章 L1 动词);display 展示;exhaust 耗尽;execute 执行(ex- 形近干扰)。句意:反对者指责该报告夸大风险以恐吓选民。

17. B(school) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:school 学派(词汇章僻义锚点 #1)。academy/college/institute 均无"学派"义。句意:文章梳理了芝加哥经济学派的兴起及其对政策的影响。

18. C(appreciate) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:appreciate"充分意识到"(僻义)而非"欣赏/感激";enjoy 享受、praise/applaud 称赞均为第一义项干扰。句意:投资者未能充分意识到自己承担的风险规模。

19. B(a period of time) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:spell"一段时间"(词汇章僻义锚点)。magical formula 是 spell 的另一名词义项(咒语),为同词多义干扰。译:一段经济衰退期。

20. C(actions) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:易|错因提醒:measure"措施"(常复数 measures),dimensions/measurements 均为"尺寸/测量"义干扰。译:政府采取的措施。

21. B(healthy and reliable) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:sound"健全合理的"(词汇章僻义锚点),a sound strategy 健全的策略;loud 是形容词"响亮的"同形干扰。译:健全可靠的投资策略。

22. B(company) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:keep sb company"陪伴某人"固定短语(词汇章僻义锚点 #20);companion 伴侣(名词个体,不能进该短语);accompaniment 伴奏/配菜。句意:她病了数月,姐姐在康复期间一直陪伴着她。

23. C(fashioned) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:难|错因提醒:fashion 作动词"塑造",be fashioned after"仿照……塑造"(词汇章僻义锚点);fabricate 编造;frame 构想;forge 伪造/锻造。句意:该培训项目紧密仿照德国学徒制模式而建。

24. B(address) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:易|错因提醒:address"解决(问题)"(词汇章僻义锚点 #2,最高频僻义之一);speak/express 不及物或搭配错;direct at"指向"语义不合。句意:新成立的工作组旨在解决保障性住房短缺问题。

25. D(yielded) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:yield to"向……让步"(词汇章搭配 yield to);yield 还有"产出"义。abandoned 放弃(及物,不接 to 表让步);retired/resigned 退休/辞职(语义不合)。句意:在股东数周施压后,董事会终于让步,同意进行独立审查。

26. B(to judge wrongly) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:易|错因提醒:mis- = wrongly(misjudge/mislead/misunderstand 同族);re- = again;pre- = before。锚点:mislead 误导 → misjudge 误判。

27. A(can be broken down by living organisms) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:中|错因提醒:bio-(生命/生物)+ degrade(降解)+ -able(可……的);"可生物降解的"。技术读者熟悉该词,注意用词根法反向推广到生词(如 bioaccumulation 生物蓄积)。

28. B(cautious) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:难|错因提醒:circum-(环绕,同 circle/circumference)+ spect(看,同 inspect/expect/spectator)→"环顾四周的"→谨慎的。spect 系词根可批量解词:inspect 向内看→检查;prospect 向前看→前景;retrospect 向后看→回顾。

29. A(understood) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:易|错因提醒:-ible/-able 表被动能力:"可被……的";comprehensible 可被理解的 ↔ comprehending/comprehensible 的主动态干扰项错在方向。同理:readable 可读的、acceptable 可接受的。

30. B(to reduce the intensity of) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:易|错因提醒:de- 向下/去除(同 defuse 拆除引信、devalue 贬值、deregulate 放松管制);escalate 升级 → de-escalate 降级、缓和。锚点:de- 是"减/除"开关。

B 部分答案与全文精解

主线(第一步通读):无聊名声不佳,人人逃避;但研究显示无聊有用——它激活大脑默认模式网络,是创造力的原料;问题在于我们用手机填满每一刻、无法忍受独处;结论不是刻意追求无聊,而是平衡——适度放空是被低估的技能。作者态度:反转直觉 + 克制收尾。预判文章含"直觉 vs 研究"转折与"让步收尾"结构。

逐空精解(第二步逐空定位,第三步先易后难,每空给出考点、线索、正解理由、干扰项排除):

31. A reputation 考点:名词搭配|难度:易。have a bad reputation"名声不好"固定搭配;线索:下文 treat it as an unpleasant state 呼应"坏名声"。impression"印象"(人作主语 have a bad impression of sb);influence"影响";expectation"期望"均不与 has had a bad ___ 的主谓结构自然搭配。

32. C function 考点:名词词义+动词搭配|难度:中。performs a useful function"发挥有用的功能",perform a function 是动宾搭配;线索:冒号后解释功能内容(pushes the mind to wander)。procedure"程序";performance"表演/性能"(形近干扰);behavior"行为"均不与 perform 搭配成"起作用"义。

33. D symptom 考点:名词义近辨析|难度:中。线索:not...but 结构 + a failing brain"衰竭的大脑"是疾病隐喻,symptom"症状"最贴;且与 transition state(过渡状态,中性)形成对比。proof"证明"语气过强;signal"信号"义近干扰但不如 symptom 与 failing 搭配紧密;consequence"后果"方向错(后果是病的结果,不是病的表征)。

34. B vanishes 考点:动词词义+逻辑|难度:中。线索:外部刺激消失后大脑才切换到默认网络——vanish"消散"。multiplies"增多"、accumulates"累积"方向相反;lingers"逗留"义近干扰(留下 vs 消失相反)。

35. B active 考点:上下文逻辑+熟词|难度:易。线索:precisely when we appear to be doing nothing 中的 appear 表明"表象 vs 实际"对比——看起来闲着,实际网络活跃。选 idle 与 appear to be doing nothing 语义重复,构不成对比;silent/damaged 无对比线索。

36. C involved 考点:过去分词搭配|难度:中。be involved in"参与、与……相关";线索:in memory consolidation 确定介词 in。be absorbed in"专注于";be occupied in/with"忙于";be committed to"致力于"(介词不同,义不合)。

37. D creativity 考点:上下文线索+复现词陷阱|难度:中。线索:首段 ideas are born + 本句 combination of distant ideas → 同义概括为 creativity(创造力)。memory 是上文 memory consolidation 的原词复现陷阱——那是网络的功能之一,不是 ideas 组合的产物;intelligence/productivity 无对应线索。

38. A reluctance 考点:名词义近辨析+下文例证|难度:难。线索:下文实验——宁愿电击也不愿独处,说明"不愿"忍受无聊;reluctance to tolerate"不愿忍受"。ability 与主线相反;insistence/determination"坚持"与实验现象(逃避)方向相反。错因提醒:本题需向下文找例证线索,只看本句选不出。

39. A fill 考点:动词语义+上下文|难度:易。线索:so 后果从句 the default mode network is rarely given the time → 每个空闲时刻都被"填满"。fill every idle moment 填满每个空闲时刻;waste 语义过窄(作者论点是"没留空"而非"浪费");create/ignore 方向相反或无线索。

40. C preferred 考点:固定结构|难度:易。prefer to do A rather than do B"宁愿做 A 也不做 B"是完整固定结构,rather than 前的空只能由 preferred 引出;hesitated/agreed/volunteered 均无此结构(volunteered to give shocks 语法可通但丢了 rather than 的对比搭配义,且与 many participants 的心理描写不符)。

41. A solitude 考点:同义替换+复现词陷阱|难度:中。线索:sit alone with their thoughts → alone 的名词化替换 solitude"独处"。shocks 是本句原词复现陷阱( discomfort with shocks? 实验证明的恰是对独处的不适,电击只是对照手段);silence 义近但 says more about 的对比对象是"独处"而非"安静";technology 偷换概念。

42. A None 考点:逻辑关系|难度:中。线索:下文 The goal is balance + Some boredom is productive, too much... tips into anxiety → 作者并未鼓吹无聊,None of this means..."这并不意味着"是让步式收尾惯用句。Any 需否定/疑问环境;Some/All 语义反向(选 All 意为"这一切都说明不该追求无聊",与下文"适度有益"矛盾)。

43. B balance 考点:上下文概括|难度:易。线索:冒号后直接定义——some boredom is productive, too much is harmful →"平衡"。endurance"忍耐"、escape"逃避"、speed"速度"均无对应线索。

44. B tips 考点:动词+介词搭配|难度:难。空后是 into,四个动词中只有 tip 搭配 into:tip into"倾覆为、滑向";lead to、result in、bring about 均不接 into。锚点:tip 作名词"尖端、小费",作动词"倾斜"→ 倾到头就"滑入"另一状态。

45. D suggests 考点:义近动词辨析(语气强度)|难度:中。What the research does suggest... 中 does 是强调谓语;学术语体中研究只能"提示"suggest;proves"证明"语气过强(且若能证明就无需 however 的克制语气);denies 方向反;promises 无关。线索:however 与上文学术谨慎基调呼应。

46. C but 考点:并列结构|难度:易。not...(but)"不是……而是……"固定结构:not wasted time but an investment"不是浪费而是投资"。and/or 破坏对比;rather 单独不接(需 rather than)。

47. A equates 考点:动词+介词搭配|难度:中。equate A with B"把 A 等同于 B";线索:busyness 与 virtue 之间是"画等号"关系。compare A with B"比较";confuse A with B"混淆"(语义可通但 equates 更精确——文化是把忙碌当作美德,不是分不清二者);replace A with B"用 B 替换 A"语义错。

48. B underrated 考点:词缀辨析+全文主线|难度:中。线索:全文反转直觉——被贬低的"无所事事"实为宝贵技能;underrated"被低估的"(under- 低于)。overrated"被高估的"方向反(与全文论证方向相反,是最大干扰);demanding"费力的"、ordinary"平凡的"无线索。

第三步回读验证:代入后主线"无聊坏名声 → 研究反转 → 机制 → 让步收尾(平衡与被低估的技能)"连贯,第 42 空 None 与末段克制语气一致。

全文参考译文:无聊一直名声不佳。多数人把它当作一有机会就要逃避的不适状态。然而越来越多的研究表明,无聊若被正确理解,其实发挥着有用的功能:它推动思绪漫游,而漫游的头脑正是创意诞生之地。关键的洞见是:无聊并不是大脑衰竭的症状,而是一种过渡状态。当外部刺激消失时,大脑并不会简单关机,而是切换到神经科学家所说的"默认模式网络"——恰恰在我们看起来无所事事时,这个网络最为活跃。它深度参与记忆巩固、自我反思与远距联想——那是创造力的原材料。研究者认为,问题不在无聊本身,而在于我们不愿忍受无聊。智能手机让我们得以填满每一个空闲时刻,默认模式网络因此很少得到工作所需的时间。在一个著名实验中,许多参与者宁愿给自己轻微电击,也不愿独自静坐十五分钟胡思乱想——这一发现更多说明了我们对独处的不适,而非头脑的任何缺陷。这一切并不意味着我们应当刻意追求无聊。目标在于平衡:适度无聊有产出,过多则滑向焦虑与情绪低落。不过,研究确实提示:小剂量的精神放空——不带播客的散步、不刷手机的通勤——不是浪费时间,而是一种投资。在一种把忙碌等同于美德的文化里,安静地、不带屏幕地什么都不做的能力,也许是被低估得最厉害的技能。

计分与错题处理

  • A 部分每题 1 分,30 分;B 部分每空 0.5 分,9 分(模拟计分,非真题权重)
  • A 部分错题词与 B 部分错题考点词全部进入次日顽固词清单(优先级高于新词)
  • 错题登记到 00-错题本,错因分类:形近/义近/僻义/词根(A 部分)、词义/逻辑/搭配(B 部分);周日重测时用本测同考点变式题