词汇与完形 · 章节测
- 适用:学完 词汇策略与分层记忆 与 完形填空 后的全覆盖练习;长难句基础见 长难句拆解
- 题量:A 部分词汇 30 题(形近辨析 8 / 义近辨析 8 / 熟词僻义 9 / 词根词缀推断 5)+ B 部分完形 1 篇 18 空;建议计时 A 部分 15 分钟、B 部分 18 分钟
- 做法要求:A 部分每题先说线索再选;B 部分先通读主线再逐空填,每空能定位线索
- 全部题目为模拟题(真题风格自编,不与任何真题原文重合)
- 错题请登记进 00-错题本,A 部分错因标签用"词义/搭配",B 部分错因标签按"词义/逻辑/搭配"选择;错题词进入次日顽固词清单
A 部分:词汇测(30 题)
第 1 题(形近词辨析)
The project required a ______ amount of additional funding before it could proceed.
A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered
第 2 题(形近词辨析)
It is ______ to back up all your data before upgrading the operating system.
A. sensitive B. sensational C. sensible D. sentimental
第 3 题(形近词辨析)
He came from a highly respected family of lawyers and doctors.
题干中 respected 可替换为:
A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respecting
第 4 题(形近词辨析)
The southern provinces underwent rapid ______ expansion in the 1990s, with new factories appearing every month.
A. industrious B. industrial C. indulgent D. indistinct
第 5 题(形近词辨析)
The textbook offers a ______ review of the field, covering every major theory developed in the past century.
A. comprehensible B. comprehensive C. compulsory D. compensating
第 6 题(形近词辨析)
The company's difficulties were caused not by real competition but by an entirely ______ crisis invented by the media.
A. imaginative B. imaginary C. imaginable D. imagistic
第 7 题(形近词辨析)
These two problems are ______ in nature—one is technical, the other political—and require separate solutions.
A. distinct B. distinctive C. distinguished D. distributable
第 8 题(形近词辨析)
Intensive farming has done serious damage to the soil, which can no longer ______ such heavy use.
A. retain B. obtain C. sustain D. detain
第 9 题(义近词辨析)
The new findings ______ earlier research showing that sleep strengthens memory.
A. confirm B. conform C. conduct D. confess
第 10 题(义近词辨析)
Critics ______ the plan as unworkable and poorly costed.
A. discharge B. discard C. dismiss D. dispose
第 11 题(义近词辨析)
Higher fuel taxes were introduced to ______ the growth of private car use in the city center.
A. curb B. cure C. curl D. curve
第 12 题(义近词辨析)
For many recent immigrants, language remains the biggest ______ to finding stable employment.
A. burden B. border C. barrier D. bond
第 13 题(义近词辨析)
It is still too early to ______ about the exact causes of the system failure.
A. estimate B. evaluate C. calculate D. speculate
第 14 题(义近词辨析)
Most analysts believe that honesty and patience will ______ over short-term tricks in this market.
A. preserve B. persuade C. prevail D. dominate
第 15 题(义近词辨析)
The announcement ______ a wave of protests across the country.
A. transferred B. transmitted C. transformed D. triggered
第 16 题(义近词辨析)
Opponents accuse the report of ______ the risks in order to scare voters.
A. exaggerating B. displaying C. exhausting D. executing
第 17 题(熟词僻义)
The article traces the rise of the Chicago ______ of economics and its influence on policy.
A. academy B. school C. college D. institute
第 18 题(熟词僻义)
Investors failed to fully ______ the scale of the risk they were taking on.
A. enjoy B. praise C. appreciate D. applaud
第 19 题(熟词僻义)
In the phrase "a spell of economic decline", the word spell most nearly means:
A. a magical formula B. a period of time C. a rest from work D. an illness
第 20 题(熟词僻义)
In the phrase "the measures taken by the government", the word measures most nearly means:
A. dimensions B. measurements C. actions D. degrees
第 21 题(熟词僻义)
In the phrase "a sound investment strategy", the word sound most nearly means:
A. loud B. healthy and reliable C. based on music D. widely discussed
第 22 题(熟词僻义)
She was ill for months, and her sister kept her ______ throughout the recovery.
A. companion B. company C. friendship D. accompaniment
第 23 题(熟词僻义)
The training program is closely ______ after the German apprenticeship model.
A. fabricated B. framed C. fashioned D. forged
第 24 题(熟词僻义)
The new task force has been created to ______ the shortage of affordable housing.
A. speak to B. address C. express about D. direct at
第 25 题(熟词僻义)
After weeks of pressure from shareholders, the board finally ______ and agreed to an independent review.
A. abandoned B. retired C. resigned D. yielded
第 26 题(词根词缀推断)
Based on the prefix mis- (wrongly), the word "misjudge" most likely means:
A. to judge again B. to judge wrongly C. to refuse to judge D. to judge beforehand
第 27 题(词根词缀推断)
The word "biodegradable" is built from bio- (life), degrade (break down), and -able (capable of). It most likely describes a material that:
A. can be broken down by living organisms B. can be reused in industry C. is harmless to touch D. lasts for decades
第 28 题(词根词缀推断)
The word "circumspect" comes from circum- (around) + spect (look). Its most likely meaning is:
A. reckless B. cautious C. curious D. generous
第 29 题(词根词缀推断)
The suffix -ible/-able in "comprehensible" indicates that the text can be:
A. understood B. understanding C. misunderstood D. misunderstanding
第 30 题(词根词缀推断)
The word "de-escalate" contains de- (down, removal) + escalate (increase). It most likely means:
A. to increase rapidly B. to reduce the intensity of C. to postpone D. to transfer elsewhere
B 部分:完形填空(模拟题,18 空)
先通读主线(首句完整不设空),再逐空作答。每空四个选项中只有一个最符合上下文。
Boredom has had a bad (31) ______. Most of us treat it as an unpleasant state to be escaped at the first opportunity. Yet a growing body of research suggests that boredom, properly understood, performs a useful (32) ______: it pushes the mind to wander, and wandering minds are where ideas are born.
The key insight is that boredom is not a (33) ______ of a failing brain but a transition state. When external stimulation (34) ______, the brain does not simply shut down; instead, it switches to what neuroscientists call the default mode network, which becomes (35) ______ precisely when we appear to be doing nothing. This network is heavily (36) ______ in memory consolidation, self-reflection, and the combination of distant ideas—the raw material of (37) ______.
The problem, researchers argue, is not boredom itself but our (38) ______ to tolerate it. Smartphones allow us to (39) ______ every idle moment, so the default mode network is rarely given the time it needs to do its work. In one famous experiment, many participants (40) ______ to give themselves mild electric shocks rather than sit alone with their thoughts for fifteen minutes—a finding that says more about our discomfort with (41) ______ than about any weakness of the mind.
(42) ______ of this means that we should seek out boredom deliberately. The goal is (43) ______: some boredom is productive, while too much of it (44) ______ into anxiety and low mood. What the research does (45) ______, however, is that small doses of mental idleness—a walk without a podcast, a commute without scrolling—are not wasted time (46) ______ an investment in it. In a culture that (47) ______ busyness with virtue, the ability to do nothing, quietly and without a screen, may be the most (48) ______ skill of all.
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- A. reputation B. impression C. influence D. expectation
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- A. procedure B. performance C. function D. behavior
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- A. proof B. consequence C. signal D. symptom
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- A. multiplies B. vanishes C. lingers D. accumulates
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- A. idle B. active C. silent D. damaged
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- A. absorbed B. occupied C. involved D. committed
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- A. memory B. intelligence C. productivity D. creativity
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- A. reluctance B. ability C. insistence D. determination
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- A. fill B. waste C. create D. ignore
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- A. hesitated B. agreed C. preferred D. volunteered
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- A. solitude B. silence C. technology D. shocks
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- A. None B. Any C. Some D. All
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- A. endurance B. balance C. escape D. speed
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- A. leads B. tips C. results D. brings
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- A. proves B. denies C. promises D. suggests
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- A. and B. or C. but D. rather
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- A. equates B. compares C. confuses D. replaces
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- A. overrated B. underrated C. demanding D. ordinary
A 部分答案与解析
1. B(considerable) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:只认 consider 家族第一印象。considerable 数量上"相当大的";considerate"体贴的"(对人);considering 介词"考虑到";considered"经过深思熟虑的"。记忆锚点:-able 结尾的 considerable 对应"可观"。句意:项目推进前需要追加相当大的一笔资金。
2. C(sensible) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:sensible/sensitive 高频混。sensible"明智的"(形容决定);sensitive"敏感的";sensational"轰动的";sentimental"多愁善感的"。锚点:ible→明智(-ible 可"行"),itive→敏感。句意:升级操作系统前先备份数据是明智的。
3. B(respectable) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:respect 三兄弟。respected"受尊敬的"(可换成)respectable"体面的、值得尊敬的"形容 family;respectful"恭敬的"(主体发出的态度);respective"各自的";respecting 介词"关于"。句意:他出身于受人尊敬的律师和医生世家。
4. B(industrial) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:industrial 工业的 vs industrious 勤劳的(词族辨析,同 economical/economic 一类)。indulgent 纵容的;indistinct 模糊的。句意:上世纪 90 年代南方各省经历了快速的工业扩张。
5. B(comprehensive) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:comprehensive 全面的(覆盖全) vs comprehensible 可理解的(能被懂)。compulsory 强制的;compensating 补偿的。线索:covering every major theory →"全面"。句意:这本教材对该领域做了全面综述。
6. B(imaginary) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:imaginary 虚构的(不存在) vs imaginative 富有想象力的(称赞人) vs imaginable 可想象的。线索:invented by the media →"虚构"。句意:公司困境并非真实竞争所致,而是媒体完全虚构出来的危机。
7. A(distinct) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:distinct"性质上不同的"(distinct from)vs distinctive"独特的、有辨识度的"。线索:one is technical, the other political → 两类不同。句意:这两个问题性质不同——一个技术性、一个政治性——需要分别解决。
8. C(sustain) 考点标签:形近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:s-词族四动词。sustain"承受住、维持";retain"保留";obtain"获得";detain"拘留"。锚点:sustainable soil→土壤撑得住。句意:集约农业严重破坏了土壤,它已承受不了如此高强度的使用。
9. A(confirm) 考点标签:义近/形近混合辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:confirm 证实 vs conform 遵守(conform to)纯形近;conduct 实施;confess 承认。句意:新发现证实了此前"睡眠巩固记忆"的研究。
10. C(dismiss) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:dismiss A as B"把 A 斥为 B(不予考虑)"固定结构;discard 丢弃(物);discharge 解雇/排出;dispose 处理(dispose of)。句意:批评者斥该计划不可行且成本核算糟糕。
11. A(curb) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:curb 遏制(词汇章 L1 动词);cure 治愈;curl 卷曲;curve 使弯曲(形近干扰)。句意:提高燃油税是为了遏制市中心私家车使用的增长。
12. C(barrier) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:barrier 障碍(barrier to sth 搭配,词汇章 L1 名词);burden 负担;border 边界;bond 纽带/债券。句意:对许多新移民而言,语言仍是找到稳定工作的最大障碍。
13. D(speculate) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒: speculate about/on"推测"(无依据地猜);estimate 估计(数量);evaluate 评估(价值);calculate 计算(数字)。线索:too early to → 只能推测。句意:现在就对系统故障的确切原因下结论为时过早。
14. C(prevail) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:中|错因提醒:prevail over"战胜、占上风"(词汇章搭配);preserve 保存;persuade 说服(形近);dominate 支配(及物,不接 over 表"击败"义)。句意:多数分析师相信,在这个市场上诚信与耐心终将胜过短期伎俩。
15. D(triggered) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:trigger 触发(词汇章 L1 动词);transferred 转移;transmitted 传输/传染;transformed 改变(形近干扰组)。句意:该公告在全国触发了抗议浪潮。
16. A(exaggerating) 考点标签:义近词辨析|难度:易|错因提醒:exaggerate 夸大(词汇章 L1 动词);display 展示;exhaust 耗尽;execute 执行(ex- 形近干扰)。句意:反对者指责该报告夸大风险以恐吓选民。
17. B(school) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:school 学派(词汇章僻义锚点 #1)。academy/college/institute 均无"学派"义。句意:文章梳理了芝加哥经济学派的兴起及其对政策的影响。
18. C(appreciate) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:appreciate"充分意识到"(僻义)而非"欣赏/感激";enjoy 享受、praise/applaud 称赞均为第一义项干扰。句意:投资者未能充分意识到自己承担的风险规模。
19. B(a period of time) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:spell"一段时间"(词汇章僻义锚点)。magical formula 是 spell 的另一名词义项(咒语),为同词多义干扰。译:一段经济衰退期。
20. C(actions) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:易|错因提醒:measure"措施"(常复数 measures),dimensions/measurements 均为"尺寸/测量"义干扰。译:政府采取的措施。
21. B(healthy and reliable) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:sound"健全合理的"(词汇章僻义锚点),a sound strategy 健全的策略;loud 是形容词"响亮的"同形干扰。译:健全可靠的投资策略。
22. B(company) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:keep sb company"陪伴某人"固定短语(词汇章僻义锚点 #20);companion 伴侣(名词个体,不能进该短语);accompaniment 伴奏/配菜。句意:她病了数月,姐姐在康复期间一直陪伴着她。
23. C(fashioned) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:难|错因提醒:fashion 作动词"塑造",be fashioned after"仿照……塑造"(词汇章僻义锚点);fabricate 编造;frame 构想;forge 伪造/锻造。句意:该培训项目紧密仿照德国学徒制模式而建。
24. B(address) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:易|错因提醒:address"解决(问题)"(词汇章僻义锚点 #2,最高频僻义之一);speak/express 不及物或搭配错;direct at"指向"语义不合。句意:新成立的工作组旨在解决保障性住房短缺问题。
25. D(yielded) 考点标签:熟词僻义|难度:中|错因提醒:yield to"向……让步"(词汇章搭配 yield to);yield 还有"产出"义。abandoned 放弃(及物,不接 to 表让步);retired/resigned 退休/辞职(语义不合)。句意:在股东数周施压后,董事会终于让步,同意进行独立审查。
26. B(to judge wrongly) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:易|错因提醒:mis- = wrongly(misjudge/mislead/misunderstand 同族);re- = again;pre- = before。锚点:mislead 误导 → misjudge 误判。
27. A(can be broken down by living organisms) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:中|错因提醒:bio-(生命/生物)+ degrade(降解)+ -able(可……的);"可生物降解的"。技术读者熟悉该词,注意用词根法反向推广到生词(如 bioaccumulation 生物蓄积)。
28. B(cautious) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:难|错因提醒:circum-(环绕,同 circle/circumference)+ spect(看,同 inspect/expect/spectator)→"环顾四周的"→谨慎的。spect 系词根可批量解词:inspect 向内看→检查;prospect 向前看→前景;retrospect 向后看→回顾。
29. A(understood) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:易|错因提醒:-ible/-able 表被动能力:"可被……的";comprehensible 可被理解的 ↔ comprehending/comprehensible 的主动态干扰项错在方向。同理:readable 可读的、acceptable 可接受的。
30. B(to reduce the intensity of) 考点标签:词根词缀推断|难度:易|错因提醒:de- 向下/去除(同 defuse 拆除引信、devalue 贬值、deregulate 放松管制);escalate 升级 → de-escalate 降级、缓和。锚点:de- 是"减/除"开关。
B 部分答案与全文精解
主线(第一步通读):无聊名声不佳,人人逃避;但研究显示无聊有用——它激活大脑默认模式网络,是创造力的原料;问题在于我们用手机填满每一刻、无法忍受独处;结论不是刻意追求无聊,而是平衡——适度放空是被低估的技能。作者态度:反转直觉 + 克制收尾。预判文章含"直觉 vs 研究"转折与"让步收尾"结构。
逐空精解(第二步逐空定位,第三步先易后难,每空给出考点、线索、正解理由、干扰项排除):
31. A reputation 考点:名词搭配|难度:易。have a bad reputation"名声不好"固定搭配;线索:下文 treat it as an unpleasant state 呼应"坏名声"。impression"印象"(人作主语 have a bad impression of sb);influence"影响";expectation"期望"均不与 has had a bad ___ 的主谓结构自然搭配。
32. C function 考点:名词词义+动词搭配|难度:中。performs a useful function"发挥有用的功能",perform a function 是动宾搭配;线索:冒号后解释功能内容(pushes the mind to wander)。procedure"程序";performance"表演/性能"(形近干扰);behavior"行为"均不与 perform 搭配成"起作用"义。
33. D symptom 考点:名词义近辨析|难度:中。线索:not...but 结构 + a failing brain"衰竭的大脑"是疾病隐喻,symptom"症状"最贴;且与 transition state(过渡状态,中性)形成对比。proof"证明"语气过强;signal"信号"义近干扰但不如 symptom 与 failing 搭配紧密;consequence"后果"方向错(后果是病的结果,不是病的表征)。
34. B vanishes 考点:动词词义+逻辑|难度:中。线索:外部刺激消失后大脑才切换到默认网络——vanish"消散"。multiplies"增多"、accumulates"累积"方向相反;lingers"逗留"义近干扰(留下 vs 消失相反)。
35. B active 考点:上下文逻辑+熟词|难度:易。线索:precisely when we appear to be doing nothing 中的 appear 表明"表象 vs 实际"对比——看起来闲着,实际网络活跃。选 idle 与 appear to be doing nothing 语义重复,构不成对比;silent/damaged 无对比线索。
36. C involved 考点:过去分词搭配|难度:中。be involved in"参与、与……相关";线索:in memory consolidation 确定介词 in。be absorbed in"专注于";be occupied in/with"忙于";be committed to"致力于"(介词不同,义不合)。
37. D creativity 考点:上下文线索+复现词陷阱|难度:中。线索:首段 ideas are born + 本句 combination of distant ideas → 同义概括为 creativity(创造力)。memory 是上文 memory consolidation 的原词复现陷阱——那是网络的功能之一,不是 ideas 组合的产物;intelligence/productivity 无对应线索。
38. A reluctance 考点:名词义近辨析+下文例证|难度:难。线索:下文实验——宁愿电击也不愿独处,说明"不愿"忍受无聊;reluctance to tolerate"不愿忍受"。ability 与主线相反;insistence/determination"坚持"与实验现象(逃避)方向相反。错因提醒:本题需向下文找例证线索,只看本句选不出。
39. A fill 考点:动词语义+上下文|难度:易。线索:so 后果从句 the default mode network is rarely given the time → 每个空闲时刻都被"填满"。fill every idle moment 填满每个空闲时刻;waste 语义过窄(作者论点是"没留空"而非"浪费");create/ignore 方向相反或无线索。
40. C preferred 考点:固定结构|难度:易。prefer to do A rather than do B"宁愿做 A 也不做 B"是完整固定结构,rather than 前的空只能由 preferred 引出;hesitated/agreed/volunteered 均无此结构(volunteered to give shocks 语法可通但丢了 rather than 的对比搭配义,且与 many participants 的心理描写不符)。
41. A solitude 考点:同义替换+复现词陷阱|难度:中。线索:sit alone with their thoughts → alone 的名词化替换 solitude"独处"。shocks 是本句原词复现陷阱( discomfort with shocks? 实验证明的恰是对独处的不适,电击只是对照手段);silence 义近但 says more about 的对比对象是"独处"而非"安静";technology 偷换概念。
42. A None 考点:逻辑关系|难度:中。线索:下文 The goal is balance + Some boredom is productive, too much... tips into anxiety → 作者并未鼓吹无聊,None of this means..."这并不意味着"是让步式收尾惯用句。Any 需否定/疑问环境;Some/All 语义反向(选 All 意为"这一切都说明不该追求无聊",与下文"适度有益"矛盾)。
43. B balance 考点:上下文概括|难度:易。线索:冒号后直接定义——some boredom is productive, too much is harmful →"平衡"。endurance"忍耐"、escape"逃避"、speed"速度"均无对应线索。
44. B tips 考点:动词+介词搭配|难度:难。空后是 into,四个动词中只有 tip 搭配 into:tip into"倾覆为、滑向";lead to、result in、bring about 均不接 into。锚点:tip 作名词"尖端、小费",作动词"倾斜"→ 倾到头就"滑入"另一状态。
45. D suggests 考点:义近动词辨析(语气强度)|难度:中。What the research does suggest... 中 does 是强调谓语;学术语体中研究只能"提示"suggest;proves"证明"语气过强(且若能证明就无需 however 的克制语气);denies 方向反;promises 无关。线索:however 与上文学术谨慎基调呼应。
46. C but 考点:并列结构|难度:易。not...(but)"不是……而是……"固定结构:not wasted time but an investment"不是浪费而是投资"。and/or 破坏对比;rather 单独不接(需 rather than)。
47. A equates 考点:动词+介词搭配|难度:中。equate A with B"把 A 等同于 B";线索:busyness 与 virtue 之间是"画等号"关系。compare A with B"比较";confuse A with B"混淆"(语义可通但 equates 更精确——文化是把忙碌当作美德,不是分不清二者);replace A with B"用 B 替换 A"语义错。
48. B underrated 考点:词缀辨析+全文主线|难度:中。线索:全文反转直觉——被贬低的"无所事事"实为宝贵技能;underrated"被低估的"(under- 低于)。overrated"被高估的"方向反(与全文论证方向相反,是最大干扰);demanding"费力的"、ordinary"平凡的"无线索。
第三步回读验证:代入后主线"无聊坏名声 → 研究反转 → 机制 → 让步收尾(平衡与被低估的技能)"连贯,第 42 空 None 与末段克制语气一致。
全文参考译文:无聊一直名声不佳。多数人把它当作一有机会就要逃避的不适状态。然而越来越多的研究表明,无聊若被正确理解,其实发挥着有用的功能:它推动思绪漫游,而漫游的头脑正是创意诞生之地。关键的洞见是:无聊并不是大脑衰竭的症状,而是一种过渡状态。当外部刺激消失时,大脑并不会简单关机,而是切换到神经科学家所说的"默认模式网络"——恰恰在我们看起来无所事事时,这个网络最为活跃。它深度参与记忆巩固、自我反思与远距联想——那是创造力的原材料。研究者认为,问题不在无聊本身,而在于我们不愿忍受无聊。智能手机让我们得以填满每一个空闲时刻,默认模式网络因此很少得到工作所需的时间。在一个著名实验中,许多参与者宁愿给自己轻微电击,也不愿独自静坐十五分钟胡思乱想——这一发现更多说明了我们对独处的不适,而非头脑的任何缺陷。这一切并不意味着我们应当刻意追求无聊。目标在于平衡:适度无聊有产出,过多则滑向焦虑与情绪低落。不过,研究确实提示:小剂量的精神放空——不带播客的散步、不刷手机的通勤——不是浪费时间,而是一种投资。在一种把忙碌等同于美德的文化里,安静地、不带屏幕地什么都不做的能力,也许是被低估得最厉害的技能。
计分与错题处理
- A 部分每题 1 分,30 分;B 部分每空 0.5 分,9 分(模拟计分,非真题权重)
- A 部分错题词与 B 部分错题考点词全部进入次日顽固词清单(优先级高于新词)
- 错题登记到 00-错题本,错因分类:形近/义近/僻义/词根(A 部分)、词义/逻辑/搭配(B 部分);周日重测时用本测同考点变式题